Energy: PEA tariff, electric vs biomass steam, PV vs solar thermal
PEA tariff schedule (May 2023 onward, still current) filed under docs/finance/pea/; Ft 0.1623 THB/kWh for Sep-Dec 2026 from the PEA Ft page. The plant falls under Schedule 3.2.2 (Medium General Service, TOU, 22 kV). New section in sustainability.md: blended ~3.81 THB/kWh for two-shift production plus 132.93 THB/kW demand charge; electric steam ~4.7M-5.5M THB/yr at maturity against ~0.35M-0.8M of biomass fuel; self-consumed PV worth ~3.7 THB/kWh (~4.5-7 yr payback); solar thermal not recommended; the battery earns little from TOU arbitrage or peak shaving. biomass.md, scale.md, the utilities CSV note and the README follow.
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@@ -80,8 +80,18 @@ storage are additional.
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- The 60 rai tilts the economics and the story further toward biomass, but
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only after the land-title check clears
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- The electric boiler remains the alternative: cleanest permitting, no fuel
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logistics, but effectively grid-powered steam at a ~300 kW draw
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logistics, but effectively grid-powered steam at a ~300 kW draw. On
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PEA's time-of-use tariff that costs ~4.7M to 5.5M THB a year at mature
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load against ~0.35M to 0.8M of fuel for biomass, and ~1.4M to 1.7M
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against ~0.1M to 0.2M at early load, because the demand charge follows
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the boiler's full-power draw (estimates; see the
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[grid tariff](sustainability.md#grid-tariff-pea-and-what-it-decides)).
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The electric boiler is the more efficient machine; biomass is the far
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cheaper heat
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- A staged path is possible: start electric (fast, clean permitting), plant
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the coppice now (first harvest in 2 to 4 years), and add the biomass
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boiler at the automated-line expansion when demand and the fuel supply
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have both matured
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have both matured. At the tariff above that is a permitting and logistics
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choice, not a cost one: every year on electric steam costs roughly 1.2M
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to 5M THB more than biomass, so the switch should come as soon as the
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permit and a fuel contract are in place
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