Press fleet: two Newbilt Duplex systems with an extruder per press, plus a Classic
The current plan (user decision, October 2026) replaces the 50/50 target (two semi-automatic presses and two Pheenix AD12s) with an all-Newbilt fleet of five presses: two Duplex systems in Newbilt's two-extruder configuration (two HRP 12 presses, an extruder each, one hydraulic unit) and one Classic fully automatic press. - pressing-line.md: new "Current plan" section (fleet table, what it means, phasing from the Single 2.1 as the first half of system 1, re-quote questions); site requirements per Duplex system. - scale.md: capacity table and basis (368 to 448 records/h, ~1.06 to 1.5M a year on two shifts, same range as before); pressing electrical row; steam and cooling flagged, not re-based: five presses draw ~750 to 900 kg/h of steam and up to ~625 kW of cooling at Newbilt's per-press figures, against the 400 kg/h / 250 kW sized for one Duplex. - total-investment.md: fleet change as an added-scope row (system 2 ~230k-300k and the Classic ~290k-460k, estimates; -60k / -160k against the two blocks it replaces); headline unchanged until the re-base. - roadmap items 4, 5 and 24, revenue model mature row, crane doc (the Classic's weight now decides 5 t or 3.2 t), vendor landscape (AD12 is the comparison for the Classic), README. The business plan docx is not regenerated.
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@@ -9,16 +9,20 @@ page as real quotes and the site decision land.
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| Phase | Fleet | Rough output |
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|---|---|---|
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| Launch | 1 semi-auto press (Newbilt Single), 1 shift | ~90,000 to 135,000 records/yr |
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| Duplex | 2 semi-auto presses, 1 to 2 shifts | ~175,000 to 540,000 records/yr |
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| Mature | 2 semi-auto + 2 automated (50/50 fleet), 2 shifts | ~1.0 to 1.5 million records/yr |
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| Launch | 1 semi-auto press (Newbilt Single, the first half of Duplex system 1), 1 shift | ~90,000 to 135,000 records/yr |
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| Duplex | 2 semi-auto presses (Duplex system 1, an extruder per press), 1 to 2 shifts | ~175,000 to 540,000 records/yr |
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| Mature | 4 semi-auto (two Duplex systems, an extruder per press) + 1 automated (Newbilt Classic), 2 shifts | ~1.0 to 1.5 million records/yr |
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Basis: the automated AD12 presses ~140 records/hour each (vendor datasheet);
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semi-automatic throughput is unpublished, assumed 60 to 80 records/hour per
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press with operator handling (estimate); 16 h/day, 300 days/yr, with
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realistic overall effectiveness of 60 to 70% applied. The theoretical
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ceiling of the mature fleet at 100% uptime is roughly 1.9 to 2.1 million
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records per year.
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Basis: the current fleet plan of October 2026
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([pressing line](equipment/pressing-line.md)). The automated Classic
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~128 records/hour (28 s cycle, vendor flyer); semi-automatic throughput is
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unpublished, assumed 60 to 80 records/hour per press with operator
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handling (estimate); 16 h/day, 300 days/yr, with realistic overall
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effectiveness of 60 to 70% applied: 368 to 448 records/hour, ~1.06 to 1.5
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million a year. The theoretical ceiling of the mature fleet at 100% uptime
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is roughly 1.8 to 2.2 million records per year. (The earlier 50/50 fleet,
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two semi-automatic presses and two Pheenix AD12s, landed in the same
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range.)
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**The 60–70% effectiveness assumption is worth challenging, but not yet
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changing.** Newbilt publishes ≥95% yield and ≥95% uptime for the Classic
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@@ -29,7 +33,7 @@ for the Duplex. Three reasons not to adjust anything on that basis:
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stamper and mould changes, label reels, colour changeovers, PVC lot
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changes, first-article QC and breaks — precisely the losses that
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dominate a short-run boutique plant. They are different quantities.
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- It would apply only to the **automated half** of the fleet. The
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- It would apply only to the **automated press** (the Classic). The
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60–80/h semi-auto figure already embeds operator handling, so applying
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an uplift to that half would double-count.
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- 0.95 × 0.95 is 0.90 before any performance factor; reaching 80% OEE
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@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ conversion, which forestry land generally does not.
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| Load | Rough figure |
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|---|---|
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| Pressing machinery (semi-auto line + 2 automated presses) | ~70 to 80 kW installed |
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| Pressing machinery (two Duplex systems + the Classic) | ~90 to 120 kW installed (estimate: 32 kVA per Duplex system by Newbilt's requirements; the second extruders and the Classic not yet published) |
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| Process chiller (250 kW cooling) | ~80 to 125 kW electrical |
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| Whole-factory HVAC | ~100 to 200 kW peak (estimate) |
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| Electric steam boiler (if chosen over biomass/LPG) | ~300 kW |
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@@ -169,6 +173,13 @@ conversion, which forestry land generally does not.
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Grid connection: a medium-voltage connection with a transformer in the
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**500 to 1,000 kVA** class from PEA, sized by the boiler decision.
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**Not yet re-based for the five-press fleet** (October 2026). The chiller
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and peak rows above are sized for one Duplex's ~250 kW of cooling; at
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Newbilt's up to 125 kW of cooling per press, five presses need up to ~625
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kW, so the chiller's electrical draw and the plant peak rise accordingly.
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Re-size with the Newbilt re-quote figures, together with the steam below
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([pressing line](equipment/pressing-line.md)).
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Tariff: PEA Schedule 3.2.2, Medium General Service on time of use at
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22 kV (the flat rate is closed to new customers): 132.93 THB/kW demand
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charge on the peak-hour maximum, 4.1839 THB/kWh peak (09:00 to 22:00 on
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@@ -205,7 +216,10 @@ small against the connection, but its own feeder and meter.
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## Steam and fuel
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- Boiler: **400 kg/h at 10 bar / 180 °C** (~300 kW thermal)
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- Boiler: **400 kg/h at 10 bar / 180 °C** (~300 kW thermal), sized for
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one Duplex. The current five-press fleet draws **~750 to 900 kg/h** at
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Newbilt's 150 to 180 kg/h per press: not yet re-based, and the fuel
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figures below scale with it
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- If biomass: **~350 to 400 t/yr** air-dry wood at mature operation, of
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which the 60 rai coppice could supply **~80 to 135 t/yr**
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- If LPG: **~2.5 to 5 t** bulk tank on site (no gas pipeline in the North)
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@@ -232,6 +246,7 @@ keep their original currency alongside.
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- Thai-sourced utilities, HVAC, racking, solar, BESS baseline: **~24M to
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42M THB (~USD 730k to 1.27M)**, detail in the
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[utilities CSV](finance/utilities-investment.csv)
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- Not yet priced: automated presses (indicative ~USD 340k each, unverified),
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- Not yet priced: the second Duplex system and the Newbilt Classic
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(estimates in [total investment](finance/total-investment.md)),
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galvanics line, mastering/cutting room, metrology, building
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construction/fit-out, land
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