cnx_vinyl/docs/digital-factory.md

# Digital Factory: Systems Plan

The [traceability spec](traceability.md) says what must be logged and the
[quality automation](quality-automation.md) document says which instruments
produce the numbers. This document is the plan for the systems in between:
which computers, networks, collectors, databases and applications have to
exist so that environmental data, machine data, QC results and the batch
genealogy all land in one place, keyed to one record identity, and can be
shown to a customer. It is a planning position as of September 2026; every
cost figure is an estimate until a quote replaces it.

**Standing decision: every service runs on NixOS, and the plant is one more
site in the existing B4L fleet, the
[cnx-network clan](https://git.b4l.co.th/B4L/cnx-network-clan).** That
clan already runs the ZeroTier mesh, authoritative DNS, mail, fleet
monitoring, backups, a public reverse proxy and the first site gateway, all
declared in one repository and deployed with the clan CLI. The plant adds
a gateway, a core server, a backup server, edge collectors and station
kiosks to that inventory and reuses everything the fleet already provides.
Nothing is built twice. Vendor instrument PCs (Keyence, vision controllers,
PLC HMIs) are appliances, not servers: they export into the NixOS estate
and never host a service of ours.

**Standing decision (October 2026): the whole plant runs ERPNext, and
it is the only system of record.** Self-hosted on a NixOS machine in the
same clan, it keeps every record of the business and of production:
customers, prices, orders and the artist gates, invoices and payments,
items, BOMs, stock and batches, work orders and job cards, quality
inspections, metal parts and their genealogy, deliveries, assets and the
accounts. What we build are **tools and interfaces that read and write
ERPNext** (station kiosks, the customer portal, the artist platform,
instrument adapters, reports); none keeps business records of its own.
The one exception is machine data: time series, per-cycle and per-record
rows, instrument raw files and images, audio captures. That stays in the
machine-data store on the plant core, keyed to ERPNext's document names
([ERPNext](#erpnext-the-plants-erp)).

## Open source throughout, and working with other plants

Decided (user, 17 October 2026): **everything the plant runs and
everything we build is open source**, and our own code is published.

| Layer | What runs | Licence |
|---|---|---|
| Operating system and deployment | NixOS on every server, gateway, collector and kiosk, declared in the cnx-network clan (clan-core) | nixpkgs: MIT |
| System of record | ERPNext on the Frappe framework, self-hosted ([ERPNext](#erpnext-the-plants-erp)) | ERPNext: GPLv3; Frappe: MIT |
| Machine data | PostgreSQL, VictoriaMetrics, Grafana, Mosquitto (MQTT), Telegraf | PostgreSQL licence, Apache-2.0, AGPLv3, EPL-2.0, MIT |
| Edge and backup | Caddy, BorgBackup, ZFS | Apache-2.0, BSD, CDDL |
| Our applications | the factory application (`cnx-factory`, Rust: axum, SQLx, minijinja, HTMX), the plant overview, the artist platform (name undecided), the plant and business plan calculator, instrument adapters, NixOS modules | ours, to be published |
| Design and documents | FreeCAD for the plant model, python-docx and LibreOffice for the business plan | LGPL, MIT, MPL-2.0 |

- **Our licence is a decision point.** AGPL-3.0 keeps hosted copies of the
  factory application open; Apache-2.0 or MIT is the easiest for another
  plant to adopt. Decide before the first public release.
- **The exceptions are inside the machines.** The presses' PLCs and HMIs
  (Newbilt's Siemens, Pheenix's Beckhoff), the instruments (Keyence, the
  vision controllers), inverter and battery firmware and the vendors'
  OPC UA licences are closed. They are appliances: they export data into
  the NixOS estate and host none of our services. The fleet's access-point
  controller in the router module is closed too.
- **What it gives the plant:** no licence fees (ERPNext has no per-seat
  fee), no vendor lock-in, every machine rebuilt from the repository, and
  a record a customer can audit (the hash-chained event log).

**Later: a service for other pressing plants.** Once the plant has run
the stack in production (at least a year), it can be offered to other
plants around the world:

1. **An open vinyl plant stack**: the NixOS modules, an ERPNext app for
   pressing (stampers and their genealogy, test pressings, the three
   gates), the press adapters for Newbilt and Pheenix over OPC UA, S7 or
   ADS, the kiosk and QC tools.
2. **Services**: factory automation and data acquisition for another
   plant (integration and commissioning), remote monitoring and support,
   hosting of ERPNext and the factory application, training.
3. **Shared development**: each plant that joins contributes the adapters
   for its own machines, so the stack covers more presses over time.

None of this is in the business plan's revenue: no price or volume is
set, and it is an upside like stamper supply to other plants.

## What the fleet already provides

Read the clan's own runbook (`docs/` in the repo, served on `control`) for
detail; this is what the plant plan leans on.

| Fleet piece | Where | What the plant gets from it |
|---|---|---|
| Clan repo, clan-core 26.05, sops vars gated by YubiKey, `admins` group applied to every machine automatically | git.b4l.co.th/B4L/cnx-network-clan | one inventory, one deploy path (`clan machines install` / `update`), secrets minted with `clan vars generate` |
| ZeroTier mesh, controller on `control`, IPv6 ULA `/88`, `modules/mesh-hosts.nix` reads every peer's address from vars | `control` | admin SSH, deploys and scrapes for plant machines behind PPPoE NAT, exactly as `gw-cnx-1` is reached today; no port forwards, no VPS needed |
| `modules/router/`: `cnx.router.*` on Topton 1U boxes: PPPoE WAN, VLAN-filtering bridge, nftables with no inter-VLAN traffic, Kea, Blocky, CrowdSec, Omada, iperf3, hourly speed test, Caddy internal proxy with a real wildcard `*.<site><n>.cnx.network` via DNS-01 | site gateways | the plant router is a copy of `machines/gw-cnx-1/` with its own VLANs; the internal proxy gives every station a browser-trusted `https://factory.<site>1.cnx.network` |
| Addressing convention `10.<siteId>.<vlanId>.0/24`, VLAN ids 10 mgmt and 20 lan mandatory, 30 guest, 40 iot reserved | fleet-wide | the plant takes the next free `siteId` and adds its own VLANs above 40 |
| VictoriaMetrics (180 d), VictoriaLogs (30 d), vmalert, Grafana, blackbox probes | `control` | node_exporter on every plant machine scraped over the mesh, journald shipped to VictoriaLogs, host alerts from the existing rules; process data stays on site (below) |
| Knot DNS (`cnx.network`, `buildfor.life`, `cnx.email`) with per-consumer TSIG keys for ACME | `ns1`, `ns2` | the plant's public names and the gateway's wildcard cert; a brand domain for the customer portal is one zone file away |
| `web01`: public Caddy with `*.cnx.network`, backends dialed over the mesh | Hetzner | the customer portal is one `virtualHosts` entry pointing at the plant core's mesh address, the same way `grafana.cnx.network` works now |
| clan `borgbackup` service, `control` as server, repokey encryption, backups over the mesh | `control` | the pattern; the plant needs its own server because plant data is far larger than the DNSSEC keystore |
| chrony everywhere, fixed-offset time zones (`Etc/GMT-7` for Thailand) | fleet baseline | plant machines inherit; edge collectors additionally serve NTP to the PLCs |
| mdbook runbook in `docs/src/`, built and served on `control` | `control` | the plant's operational runbook goes there as a chapter; this document stays the planning source |

Known gaps in the fleet that the plant needs closed (all on the clan's own
TODO list or small extensions to existing modules):

- **Alert delivery**: vmalert currently uses `notifier.blackhole`. A boiler
  alarm needs a phone. The plant brings an Alertmanager with Telegram or
  LINE and SMS receivers; `control`'s vmalert can point at it too.
- **Off-site backup destination**: `control`'s disk is not sized for plant
  images and audio. Add a Hetzner Storage Box or a storage VPS as a second
  `borgbackup` destination (the clan service supports several per client).
- **Router module**: three small extensions, listed under Networks.

## Design decisions

1. **One clan, one repo, rebuildable from git.** Plant machines are entries
   in `clan.nix`'s `fleet` set with a `machines/<name>/` directory each
   (`configuration.nix`, `disko.nix`, `facter.json`), like every machine
   already there. A failed box is replaced from a fresh disk with
   `clan machines install`; a change is `clan machines update`. Nothing is
   configured by hand on a running machine.
2. **ERPNext for records, a machine-data store for machine data.**
   Every record of the business and of production (orders, gates,
   genealogy, lots, press runs, inspections, deliveries, money) lives in
   ERPNext (decision 10). What machines produce at machine speed lives
   in the machine-data store on the plant core, in two parts. Rows with
   an identity that are too many for an ERP (press cycles keyed by press
   and counter, per-record optical results, audio sample scores,
   per-unit packaging scans, the hash-chained event log) go to
   PostgreSQL, each carrying the ERPNext job card, batch and serial
   numbers it belongs to. Time series (1 Hz machine tags, zone
   environment, energy, water) go to a plant-local VictoriaMetrics, the
   same engine and modules the fleet already runs on `control`, so
   dashboards, PromQL and vmalert rules carry over unchanged. Per-cycle rows carry a snapshot of
   the zone environment and the key press values, so the relational join
   "this record, that cycle, those conditions" never needs the time-series
   store; the curve behind the snapshot is one PromQL range query away.
   (TimescaleDB in PostgreSQL is the fallback if that split proves
   awkward; it is not the starting point.)
3. **MQTT is the plant bus, Telegraf is the universal collector.** Every
   machine, meter and sensor is read by a Telegraf instance on the edge
   collector nearest it (Modbus, OPC UA, Siemens S7 and MQTT inputs are
   stock plugins) and published to Mosquitto on the core. On the core,
   Telegraf writes the stream to VictoriaMetrics (InfluxDB line protocol,
   native to VM) and the factory application subscribes to the event
   topics (cycle complete, alarm, instrument result), writes rows to the
   machine-data store and posts the totals and verdicts to ERPNext.
   Custom code exists only where no plugin does (vision results,
   instrument CSV ingestion, the audio QC pipeline).
4. **Read-only toward machines.** The data platform never writes to a PLC
   or an instrument. Control, safety and interlocks (fume extraction, steam
   shutoff, boiler safety chain) stay in the vendor PLCs and hard wiring,
   as [facility security](facility-security.md) already requires.
5. **Join keys are counters, not clocks.** Every press cycle carries the
   machine's own cycle counter; every instrument result carries the part
   serial it was read from. Wall-clock time is recorded (UTC, chrony from
   the fleet baseline) but is never what two systems are joined on.
6. **Append-only, hash-chained.** Machine events are written once and
   never updated; corrections are new events that reference the old. Each
   event carries the hash of the previous one so the log's integrity can
   be checked, and records the ERPNext document it led to. In ERPNext,
   gate approvals, quality inspections, job cards and stock entries are
   submitted documents: a correction is a cancel and amend that keeps
   both, with ERPNext's version history. Together that is what lets the
   customer portal be trusted.
7. **The customer portal is a view, not a copy.** It reads the
   customer's records in ERPNext and the machine data of the same orders
   through one portal tool scoped to the ERPNext customer; there is no
   exported report to keep in sync.
8. **The plant runs without the internet.** Everything that pressing,
   QC and traceability need is on site. A WAN outage stops only the
   customer portal, off-site backup, fleet monitoring and remote support,
   and all four catch up when it returns.
9. **Operators see the data first.** Every live value the platform
   collects is shown at the station where it can change the next cycle
   (the press-side kiosk with cycle values against the recipe band, the
   inspection reject reasons, the stamper's play count) before it is
   rolled up into reports. Sibert's advice after Haarlem was exactly this:
   live feedback loops that the staff use to improve production, rather
   than only for management reporting, decide whether a plant succeeds
   ([exhibitor briefing](suppliers/making-vinyl-europe-2026-exhibitors.md#after-the-show)).
10. **ERPNext is the system of record; we build tools and interfaces.**
    (October 2026.) Invoices, stock and every other record of the
    business and of production live in ERPNext: customer, sales order,
    artist gate, work order, job card, batch, quality inspection, serial
    number per metal part with its parents, stock entry, delivery note,
    invoice, asset. What we build reads and writes those records; the only
    data kept outside is machine data (decision 2), which ERPNext receives
    as totals and verdicts per job card, run, batch and shipment. A new
    need is met with a standard ERPNext document type first, then with
    custom fields or a custom document type in our `cnx_erp` app, and only
    then with a tool of ours that still keeps its records in ERPNext;
    never with a second database of business records. ERPNext document
    names are the keys everything shares ([ERPNext](#erpnext-the-plants-erp)).

## The systems on one page

| System | What it does | Runs on | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site gateway | PPPoE WAN, VLAN zoning, DHCP/DNS, NTP for the site, internal TLS proxy, CrowdSec | `gw-<site>-1` (existing `cnx.router` module) | Build |
| Plant core | Machine-data store (PostgreSQL for cycle and record rows, VictoriaMetrics + vmalert + Grafana for time series), Mosquitto, Telegraf persister, Alertmanager, factory application, file datasets on ZFS | `vinyl-core` | Build |
| ERPNext | The system of record: accounting with Thai VAT and withholding tax, customers, prices, sales and purchase orders, artist gates, items, BOMs, work orders and job cards, stock and batches, quality inspections, metal parts and their genealogy, deliveries, assets and maintenance, payroll | `vinyl-erp` | from the first capex invoice; production records at commissioning |
| Factory application | The tools and interfaces we build on ERPNext: station kiosks working the job cards, customer portal, machine-data service (cycles and per-record results in, totals and verdicts to ERPNext), instrument adapters, reports; the ERPNext integration layer. No business records of its own | `vinyl-core` | Build (v1), Launch (v2) |
| Edge collectors | Telegraf per machine zone, disk-backed store-and-forward, NTP to the OT segment, vision result receiver | `vinyl-edge-press`, `vinyl-edge-util`, `vinyl-edge-galv` | Build, Expand |
| Environmental monitoring | Zone temperature, humidity, PM, differential pressure; alarms; correlation with production | RS485 loops into the edge collectors | Build |
| Machine telemetry | Presses, extruders, hydraulics, boiler, chiller, compressor, heat pump, HVAC, PV, BESS, energy and water meters | edge collectors | Build |
| QC instrument integration | Optical inspection results and images, metrology CSV ingestion, PVC lab entries, audio QC scores, packaging scans | stations plus `vinyl-edge-press` | Launch, Expand |
| Station kiosks | Badge check-in and scanning at each manual step against the station's ERPNext job card; kiosk browser on the factory application | `vinyl-st-*` | Build |
| Process alerting | Environment, utilities, reject rate, stamper life, PV/BESS, fire and BESS detection contacts, UPS, data silence; delivered to phones | `vinyl-core` (vmalert + Alertmanager) | Build |
| Fleet monitoring | Host metrics, journals, host alerts for every plant machine | `control` (existing) | Build |
| Backup and DR | ZFS snapshots and replication, Borg to the plant backup server and off site, PostgreSQL point-in-time recovery, restore drills | `vinyl-backup`, off-site destination | Build |
| Identity | Staff sign-on (OIDC), badge IDs for operators at stations, customer role | `vinyl-core` | Build |
| Client audio vault | Encrypted, isolated dataset for pre-release audio with checksums and access logging | `vinyl-core` | Build |
| Site systems integration | Access-control door events, fire panel and BESS detection contacts, UPS state | `vinyl-edge-util` | Build |
| Customer portal, public | TLS termination and forwarding over the mesh to the plant core | `web01` (existing) | Launch |
| CCTV | Recording on its own VLAN | vendor NVR appliance, or `vinyl-nvr` (Frigate) if wanted | Build |

## Architecture

```mermaid
flowchart LR
    subgraph L0[Field, isolated OT segments]
        PLC[Press and extruder PLCs<br/>OPC UA / S7]
        UT[Boiler, chiller, compressor,<br/>heat pump, HVAC<br/>Modbus / BACnet]
        EN[Energy meters, Deye inverters,<br/>BESS, water meters<br/>Modbus / pulse]
        ENV[Zone T / RH / PM / dP sensors<br/>Modbus RTU]
        GV[Rectifiers, bath sensors<br/>Modbus]
        VIS[Vision controller<br/>TCP results, SFTP images]
        INST[Keyence, XRF, lab instruments<br/>CSV export]
    end
    subgraph L1[Edge, NixOS, dual-homed]
        EP[vinyl-edge-press<br/>Telegraf + vision receiver]
        EU[vinyl-edge-util<br/>Telegraf + dry-contact I/O]
        EG[vinyl-edge-galv<br/>Telegraf]
        ST[vinyl-st-* stations<br/>kiosk, scanners, ingestion]
    end
    subgraph L2[Plant core, NixOS, servers VLAN]
        MQ[Mosquitto]
        VM[(VictoriaMetrics<br/>vmalert, Grafana)]
        DB[(PostgreSQL<br/>machine data)]
        APP[Factory application<br/>tools on ERPNext]
        AM[Alertmanager]
        ERP[(ERPNext<br/>vinyl-erp)]
    end
    subgraph GW[gw-site-1]
        PX[Caddy internal proxy<br/>factory.site1.cnx.network]
    end
    subgraph L3[Fleet, Hetzner, over the mesh]
        CTL[control: node metrics,<br/>journals, host alerts]
        WEB[web01: public proxy]
        BK[off-site borg destination]
        CUST[Customer portal]
        PH[Phones: alerts]
    end
    PLC --> EP
    VIS --> EP
    UT --> EU
    EN --> EU
    ENV --> EU
    GV --> EG
    INST --> ST
    EP --> MQ
    EU --> MQ
    EG --> MQ
    MQ --> VM
    MQ --> APP
    APP --> DB
    APP -->|REST, outbox| ERP
    ERP -.->|webhooks| APP
    ST --> PX --> APP
    VM --> AM --> PH
    APP -.mesh.-> WEB --> CUST
    L2 -.mesh.-> CTL
    L2 -.mesh.-> BK
```

Three rules keep this simple: field devices sit on isolated OT segments
whose only other member is their edge collector; edge collectors publish to
the core and nothing else; stations and office clients reach the
application only through the gateway's proxy. Everything that leaves the
site rides the ZeroTier mesh, never an open port.

## Machines

All NixOS, all entries in the clan inventory. Names follow the fleet
convention (`gw-<city>-<n>` for gateways, short role names for servers)
with a `vinyl-` prefix so the plant's machines are recognisable in a
multi-site inventory. `<site>` is the city code chosen at site selection;
Mueang Chi is in Lamphun province, so `lpn` is the working assumption and
the gateway is `gw-lpn-1`, giving internal names under `*.lpn1.cnx.network`.
Hardware classes are planning positions; models are chosen at purchase.

| Machine | Role | Hardware class | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| `gw-lpn-1` | Site gateway: `cnx.router` with the plant VLANs, internal proxy for the factory application and Grafana, NTP for the site | Topton 1U N300, 4x 2.5G (fleet standard); a 10G SFP+ variant if the core server link warrants it | IT room |
| `vinyl-core` | PostgreSQL, Mosquitto, Telegraf persister, VictoriaMetrics + vmalert + Grafana, Alertmanager, factory application, ZFS datasets for files (audio captures, inspection images, metrology raw data, CoA scans, client audio) | 1U/2U server, ECC RAM 64 to 128 GB, mirrored NVMe for OS and database, HDD mirror or raidz for files, dual PSU on UPS | IT room |
| `vinyl-erp` | ERPNext (Frappe web, workers, scheduler, socket.io), MariaDB, Redis, the Thai localisation app and our `cnx_erp` app | 1U server, 32 GB RAM, mirrored NVMe, on UPS; or a VM on `vinyl-core` if its hardware has room | IT room |
| `vinyl-backup` | Borg server for the plant clients, ZFS receive target for `vinyl-core`'s datasets, PostgreSQL streaming replica, pgBackRest repository | tower or 2U, large HDD pool | separate room from `vinyl-core` (archive side of the building) |
| `vinyl-edge-press` | Telegraf (OPC UA / S7 to presses and extruders, Modbus to hydraulics and label oven), vision result receiver, SFTP target for inspection images, chrony serving the OT segment, disk-backed MQTT buffer | fanless DIN-rail IPC, 2 LAN, 2 to 4 RS485 | press hall control cabinet |
| `vinyl-edge-util` | Telegraf (Modbus to boiler, chiller, compressor, heat pump, energy meters, inverters, BESS; BACnet or Modbus to the HVAC BMS), zone environment loops, dry-contact I/O for fire panel, BESS detection and UPS | same class, more RS485 | electrical room or utility yard cabinet |
| `vinyl-edge-galv` | Telegraf (rectifiers, bath sensors, extraction status) | same class, corrosion-protected enclosure outside the wet area | galvanics service corridor (Expand phase) |
| `vinyl-st-cutting` | Session log entry, lacquer registration, scribe ID | mini PC, touch screen, badge reader | cutting room |
| `vinyl-st-press1`, `vinyl-st-press2` | Operator check-in, stamper mount/unmount scan, PVC lot and label lot scan, test pressing hold, reject reasons | mini PC, touch screen, badge reader, 2D scanner | at each press |
| `vinyl-st-lab` | PVC lot gate entry; reads instruments with serial export, manual entry otherwise; CoA attachment | mini PC, RS232/USB to instruments | material lab |
| `vinyl-st-metrology` | SMB share the Keyence and XRF PCs export into; ingestion watcher; part serial scan | mini PC | metrology bench (Expand phase) |
| `vinyl-st-audioqc` | Needle-drop capture and analysis pipeline | mini PC with audio interface, turntable, phono stage | listening/QC room (Expand phase) |
| `vinyl-st-pack1` | Runout code camera read, jacket barcode scan, BOM check, barcode verifier | mini PC, camera, scanner, verifier | packaging |
| `vinyl-st-ship` | Consignment assembly, carrier label and tracking capture | mini PC, label printer | shipping |
| `vinyl-nvr` | Frigate CCTV recording on the cctv VLAN (optional; a vendor NVR appliance is the alternative) | small server with GPU or Coral accelerator | IT room |

Office audio intake and gate approvals happen from ordinary staff laptops
on the `lan` VLAN through the same proxy; no dedicated machine. Stations
run a kiosk browser (`cage` plus Firefox or Chromium) pointed at the
application; badge readers and scanners are USB HID keyboard devices, so
there is no driver work. Sixteen plant machines at launch, about twenty-one
at maturity; every one is a directory and a line in the inventory.

## Networks

The plant is site `<siteId>` (next free number in the fleet's site table;
`cnx` is 1 and the public-WiFi site is 2, so 3 is the working assumption)
and owns `10.<siteId>.0.0/16`. VLANs follow the fleet convention; the
ids above 40 are proposals.

| VLAN | id | Members | `allowWan` | Rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `mgmt` | 10 | switches, APs, Omada, IPMI, admin laptops on site | yes | fleet convention: trusted, reaches everything |
| `lan` | 20 | office laptops, printers | yes | proxy to factory app and Grafana, internet |
| `guest` | 30 | visitors, vendor laptops | yes | internet only |
| `servers` | 100 | `vinyl-core`, `vinyl-backup`, the servers-side NIC of every edge collector | yes (mesh, nix, journald, off-site backup) | no inbound from other VLANs; the gateway's own Caddy dials the app here |
| `stations` | 110 | `vinyl-st-*`, instrument PCs (Keyence, vision setup laptop), label printer | yes (mesh, deploys, journald) | proxy to the factory app only; `dhcp.reservations` for every station |
| `cctv` | 120 | cameras, NVR | no | reachable from `mgmt`; NVR UI via the proxy if wanted |
| `ot-press` | 210 | press and extruder PLCs and HMIs, vision controller, OT NIC of `vinyl-edge-press` | no | isolated segment, see below |
| `ot-util` | 220 | boiler, chiller, compressor, heat pump, HVAC BMS, meters, inverters, BESS BMS, OT NIC of `vinyl-edge-util` | no | isolated segment |
| `ot-galv` | 230 | rectifiers, bath transmitters, OT NIC of `vinyl-edge-galv` | no | isolated segment |

**OT segments are islands, not routes.** Each edge collector is dual-homed:
one NIC on `servers` (an access port on the cabinet switch), one NIC on
its OT segment. The OT segment lives on the cabinet's industrial switch;
if it must span cabinets it rides the building trunk as a VLAN with
`dhcp.enable = false` and `allowWan = false`, and the router's default
no-inter-VLAN policy keeps it closed. Either way the gateway forwards
nothing into or out of an OT segment; the collector is the only bridge,
and it only publishes. Zone sensors on RS485 loops terminate directly on
the collectors and have no IP presence at all. Cheap ESP32/MQTT sensor
nodes are acceptable for extra density in non-critical zones (on
`stations`, publishing to the core), never for alarmed zones.

**Stations never route to `servers`.** They reach
`https://factory.lpn1.cnx.network`, which Blocky resolves to the gateway
and Caddy forwards to `vinyl-core` on the servers VLAN, with the real
wildcard certificate the router module already issues. `proxy.allowVlans`
gains `stations`. The same proxy serves `grafana.lpn1.cnx.network` to the
office. This keeps the fleet's trust model intact: no VLAN talks to
another VLAN; the router talks to its backends.

Router module extensions the plant needs (small, and useful for the other
sites too):

1. **NTP served by the gateway** to every VLAN (chrony `allow` for the
   site's `/16`, UDP 123 in the per-VLAN firewall set) so stations and
   the NVR sync locally; today the gateway is only a chrony client.
2. **Static-only VLANs**: a `dhcp.enable = false` VLAN should still
   accept `reservations` semantics for documentation, or simply be
   documented as address-by-hand; either is fine, decide when writing it.
3. **Second WAN**: a 4G/5G modem as failover for the PPPoE session
   (`wan.backupInterface` with a metric and a health check). Not needed
   for launch because the plant runs without the internet; needed before
   the customer portal is promised as always-on.

Vendor remote support (Newbilt and Pheenix both offer remote monitoring)
goes through an admin's SSH port-forward across the mesh into the relevant
edge collector and from there to the one PLC HMI they need, time-boxed and
logged. No machine ever gets a vendor's own cellular router or cloud agent
on an OT segment.

## What changes in the clan repo

Following the "Adding a site" procedure in the clan runbook, plus the
plant's own modules. Everything below is one pull request per machine
class, in this order.

```
clan.nix
  fleet: + gw-lpn-1, vinyl-core, vinyl-backup, vinyl-edge-press,
           vinyl-edge-util, vinyl-st-press1, vinyl-st-lab,
           vinyl-st-pack1, vinyl-st-ship  (then the rest as they come)
  borgbackup:
    roles.server.machines.vinyl-backup = { };
    roles.client.machines.vinyl-core.settings.destinations = {
      plant  = { repo = "borg@vinyl-backup:vinyl-core"; };
      offsite = { repo = "<storage-box or bk host>:vinyl-core"; };
    };
    roles.client.machines.vinyl-edge-press = { ... plant only ... };
    # side benefit: control can now back up its VictoriaMetrics TSDB to
    # vinyl-backup, closing the open item in the clan TODO
  (no `internet` entries: plant machines sit behind PPPoE like gw-cnx-1
   and are reached over the mesh)

modules/mesh-hosts.nix      + every plant machine in the name list
modules/monitoring/server.nix
                            + node_exporter targets for every plant machine
                            + a second Grafana datasource "vinyl-vm" pointing
                              at [vinyl-core mesh]:8428 so fleet dashboards
                              can show plant series
modules/monitoring/alerts.nix
                            unchanged; host rules already cover new targets
machines/ns1/configuration.nix
                            + dns-acme-gw-lpn-1-knot generator, keyFiles entry,
                              acl_acme_gw_lpn_1 scoped to _acme-challenge.lpn1
                              (copy the gw-cnx-1 blocks)
modules/dns/acme-gw-secret.nix
                            reused as-is with "gw-lpn-1"
modules/web-proxy.nix       + virtualHosts."portal.<domain>" -> [vinyl-core mesh]:8080
                              (second cert + scoped TSIG key if <domain> is
                              not cnx.network, following the acme_web01 pattern)

machines/gw-lpn-1/          copy of gw-cnx-1: site "lpn", siteId 3, the VLAN
                            table above, proxy.services.factory and .grafana,
                            proxy.allowVlans = [ "mgmt" "lan" "stations" ]
machines/vinyl-core/        imports modules/vinyl/{core,metrics,factory-app,
                            alertmanager}.nix + monitoring/exporters.nix
machines/vinyl-backup/      imports modules/vinyl/backup.nix + exporters.nix
machines/vinyl-edge-*/      imports modules/vinyl/edge.nix with the cabinet's
                            Telegraf inputs and the OT NIC config
machines/vinyl-st-*/        imports modules/vinyl/station.nix with the kiosk URL

modules/vinyl/core.nix      PostgreSQL (ZFS dataset, pg_hba for the app and
                            the replica), Mosquitto (per-client passwords from
                            vars generators), Telegraf persister (MQTT in,
                            VictoriaMetrics out), ZFS datasets and sanoid
modules/vinyl/metrics.nix   VictoriaMetrics + vmalert + Grafana for the plant,
                            a sibling of monitoring/server.nix with the
                            process rules and dashboards under
                            modules/vinyl/dashboards/
modules/vinyl/alertmanager.nix
                            receivers: Telegram or LINE for the shift group,
                            SMS gateway for the critical set, email digest;
                            tokens from vars generators
modules/vinyl/factory-app.nix
                            the cnx-factory package as a flake input (like
                            nixos-mailserver is today), systemd service,
                            migrations on start, DB password from vars,
                            OIDC client secret from vars
modules/vinyl/edge.nix      Telegraf with per-machine input lists, MQTT output
                            with disk buffer, chrony `allow` on the OT NIC,
                            networkd config for the two NICs, SFTP chroot for
                            vision images (press collector only)
modules/vinyl/station.nix   cage + browser kiosk, auto-login, HID readers,
                            SMB share and ingestion watcher where needed
modules/vinyl/backup.nix    borg server role settings, syncoid receive,
                            PostgreSQL replica, pgBackRest repo
modules/router/…            the three extensions above
docs/src/vinyl.md           the plant chapter of the runbook, + SUMMARY.md
```

Operational notes that already bit the fleet and apply here: `git add` a
new `machines/` directory before evaluating (untracked files are invisible
to the flake); run `clan vars generate <machine>` (YubiKey) before the
first install and again after adding a generator; check `facter.json` for
the real NIC names after install; the `clan` wrapper in the dev shell
updates machines sequentially so YubiKey prompts are not buried.

Repository layout, decided: infrastructure lives in `cnx-network-clan`;
the factory application gets its own repository `cnx-factory` in the B4L
organisation and is consumed as a flake input; this repository stays
documents and links to both. That satisfies the README's promise that the
project repository "hosts the software" without mixing Nix, Rust and
planning prose in one history.

## Data acquisition, source by source

Every row is also a purchasing clause: the "requirement" column is what
goes into the RFQ, per the traceability principle that machine data access
is bought, not retrofitted. Rates are planning values.

### Presses and extruders

| Source | Signals | Interface | Rate | Requirement to write into the RFQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newbilt Classic 12" automatic (Siemens PLC, vendor states SCADA/OPC UA) | cycle counter, machine state, cycle time, mold top/bottom temperatures, steam valve state, press pressure and force, extruder zone temperatures, screw speed, melt temperature and pressure, cake weight if measured, label feed state, alarm codes | OPC UA server on the PLC, read by Telegraf `inputs.opcua` | per cycle plus 1 Hz | OPC UA server licensed and enabled, full node list with units delivered with the machine, cycle counter exposed as a node, read access for our collector, no cloud agent required for warranty, PLC clock accepting NTP |
| Newbilt HRP 12 semi-automatic and VEX 50 extruder (PLC type unconfirmed) | as above where the PLC has them; on a relay-logic machine at least press closed/open, steam on/off, cycle count | OPC UA or Siemens S7 (`inputs.s7comm`); fallback: our own 4 to 20 mA sensors on a Modbus TCP I/O module and a cycle count from the mold-closed limit switch | per cycle plus 1 Hz | state what the PLC is and which of the two paths applies; the fallback sensor set is priced separately |
| Pheenix AD12 (Beckhoff PLC, remote monitoring supported) | same tag family as the Classic | OPC UA (Beckhoff TF6100) or ADS; `inputs.opcua` | per cycle plus 1 Hz | OPC UA license included, tag list delivered, remote monitoring routed through our mesh, not the vendor's |
| Hydraulic aggregate | system pressure, oil temperature, tank level, filter differential pressure | via the press PLC if exposed, else own transmitters on the I/O module | 1 Hz | ask whether the aggregate's sensors are on the PLC |
| Label dry oven | chamber temperature, timer state | Modbus if the controller has it, else a thermocouple on the I/O module | 1/min | |
| PVC grinder and regrind scale | run state, batch weight | scale with RS232 to `vinyl-st-press1`, run contact to I/O | per batch | scale must have a serial output |

### Utilities and energy

| Source | Signals | Interface | Rate | Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steam boiler (Thai-sourced) | pressure, steam temperature, feedwater temperature, drum level, burner or heater state, fuel or kW, blowdown events, water treatment conductivity and hardness alarm | Modbus RTU or TCP on the boiler controller | 1 Hz | Modbus register map delivered with the boiler; Thai boiler-regulation inspection data logged too |
| Steam accumulator | pressure | pressure transmitter to I/O | 1 Hz | |
| Chiller and cooling tower | supply and return temperatures, flow, compressor power, tower fan state, makeup water | Modbus | 1 Hz | register map |
| Feedwater heat pump | source and sink temperatures, power | Modbus | 1/10 s | register map |
| Compressor | line pressure, run hours, dew point | Modbus | 1/10 s | register map |
| HVAC / BMS | AHU states, setpoints, supply temperatures, filter differential pressure, positive-pressure room dP | BACnet/IP or Modbus from the BMS the HVAC contractor supplies | 1/min | the RFQ names BACnet/IP or Modbus TCP read access as a deliverable, with point list |
| Electrical | main incomer, feeders for press hall, chiller, HVAC, boiler, galvanics, packaging, IT; PV inverters (Deye, Modbus RTU/TCP register map is public); BESS state of charge, power, cell temperatures (through the Deye battery registers or the Gobel BMS RS485) | Modbus energy meters on each feeder; inverters direct, no cloud dongle | 1/10 s | meters specified in the electrical design, not added later |
| Water | mains or well meter, process tank level, boiler and cooling tower makeup meters, galvanics rinse recycle, fire tank level | pulse counters and level transmitters on I/O | 1/min | meters in the plumbing design |

### Environment

| Zone | Sensors | Alarm tier |
|---|---|---|
| cutting room | T, RH, PM2.5/PM10, room dP | tight, positive pressure |
| galvanics clean room | T, RH, PM, room dP | tight, positive pressure |
| master and stamper archive | T, RH, PM, water leak | tightest |
| press hall (two points at launch, four at maturity) | T, RH, PM | process spec 20 to 26 °C, 35 to 60 % RH |
| material lab and PVC store | T, RH | process |
| packaging and finished goods | T, RH, PM | process |
| listening/QC room | T, RH | comfort |
| IT room | T, RH, water leak | tight |
| office | T, RH, PM | comfort |
| outdoor reference | T, RH, PM2.5 | reference for burning-season episodes |

Industrial RS485 Modbus RTU transmitters on wired loops to the nearest edge
collector, one reading per minute, with a reference-grade PM instrument in
the archive or cutting room to check the cheaper sensors against. Every
zone alarm has two thresholds (warning, action) and a rate-of-change alarm
for the archive.

### Galvanics (Expand phase)

Rectifier current, voltage and ampere-hours per cell (Digital Matrix: ask
what the control rings and rectifiers expose; Pheenix Alpha: its plating
units are PLC-controlled with a network connection, protocol unstated, see
[galvanics and stamper prep](equipment/galvanics.md); Modbus is the
requirement),
bath temperature, pH and conductivity from transmitters, filtration and
agitation pump states, fume extraction running status (the interlock itself
stays hard-wired), rinse water conductivity and evaporator state. Titration
results are entered at a station against the bath ID. On the Pheenix
units, the machine's own alerts (filter cartridge change, nickel pellet
top-up, anode basket cleaning) are logged as bath events.

### Site systems

Access-control door events (badge ID, door, direction, time) from the
controller's API or export; fire alarm panel zone and fault contacts, BESS
off-gas and early-smoke detection, UPS on-battery and low-battery (NUT on
`vinyl-core` talking to the UPS) as dry contacts on `vinyl-edge-util`.
CCTV stays on its own VLAN with its own retention; it is never joined to
production data.

### What produces no telemetry

The Sibert stamper-prep machines (their current specifications, 2022 and
2023, list no data or network interface; Sibert's 2009 optical-disc punch
offered barcode and LAN options, and Sibert offered to carry features of
its fully automatic VSPa punch across to the VSP, so ask) and the shrink wrapper produce no machine data, and neither does the mastering chain on the Agnew route. They get
station check-ins: who, when, which part, which parameters, with files
attached (cutting parameters, DAW session export). The room environment
around them is logged by the sensors above.

If the lathe is a Sillitoe SDMS instead, its Space / Time Control software
(a vendor application on the cutting room's own PC, which stays an
appliance) writes files worth collecting: the master cue sheet (catalogue
number, side, matrix number, engineer, groove diameters per track), an
Open Groove export of the groove itself, the project file, and a
stylus-hours counter. They are dropped on an SMB share on the cutting
station and attached to the cutting session against the lacquer ID, the
same watcher pattern as the metrology exports below. See
[vendor landscape](suppliers/vendor-landscape.md).

## QC instrument integration

| Instrument | How results reach the database | Key | Open integration item |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inline optical inspection at the press unloader (Keyence or Cognex class, custom integration) | vision controller sends one result string per record over TCP to a receiver on `vinyl-edge-press`; images pushed by SFTP to the collector, synced to the core's image dataset | press ID + cycle counter, passed from the PLC to the vision trigger | the cycle counter hand-off between PLC and vision controller is an integrator deliverable and an acceptance test |
| Stamper metrology (Keyence VK-X, VR-6000, XRF gauge, profilometer) | vendor Windows PCs export CSV and raw 3D to an SMB share on `vinyl-st-metrology`; a watcher parses and posts | back-side Data Matrix serial, scanned at the bench before measurement | export format per instrument confirmed with Keyence Thailand |
| PVC material lab (moisture analyzer, spectrophotometer, balance, later torque rheometer, DSC, FTIR) | instruments with RS232/USB export are read at `vinyl-st-lab`; the rest are typed in with the printout photographed; CoA PDF attached | compound lot ID (printed label scanned at intake) | which benchtop models have serial export |
| Audio QC station | capture service on `vinyl-st-audioqc` records the needle-drop (PipeWire, FLAC to the core's capture dataset); analysis pipeline computes spectral-envelope match to the source master, click/pop count, noise floor, channel balance; scores posted | record key (stamper + press + cycle + side), typed or picked from the run list | first-of-kind pipeline, developed in Expand phase against launch-phase recordings |
| Packaging assembly check | camera with darkfield lighting reads the scribed dead-wax code (a handheld scanner will not read a scribed code on black vinyl reliably); handheld scanner reads the jacket barcode; barcode verifier grades it | order + record key | confirm dead-wax code readability with a sample before the packaging station is designed |
| Label print inspection | same vision family as the record label check; result per label lot | label lot ID | shared with the record inspection budget |

## The factory application

Working name `cnx-factory`, its own repository: **the tools and
interfaces we build on ERPNext**, not a second system of record.
Server-rendered web application in Rust (axum, SQLx, minijinja templates,
HTMX), the stack B4L already uses for its other in-house tooling. Every
business and production record it shows or changes is read from and
written to ERPNext through the integration layer
([ERPNext](#erpnext-the-plants-erp)). The only data it owns is the
machine-data store: it subscribes to the MQTT event topics (cycle
complete, machine alarm, instrument result), writes cycle and record rows
to PostgreSQL with the append-only, hash-chained event log, and posts
totals and verdicts to ERPNext; Telegraf owns the writes to
VictoriaMetrics. Packaged as a flake so the clan repo pins it as an input.

**Demo.** [Factory console and order status](factory-console.html) (test
site `/demos/factory/`) shows what the application would look like on a
simulated plant day: the press floor with live counters per press, work
orders per station in the kiosk form described below (badge in, scan
what the step asks for, confirm), the optical inspection stream, audio samples, the material lab gate with a
lot on hold, stamper metrology and genealogy, the hash-chained event log,
the ERPNext link (every posting the floor makes: sales orders in by
webhook, job cards, batches and quality inspections, stock entries,
downtime entries, delivery notes and invoices, through the outbox, with
the ERPNext documents on each order and work order),
and the customer portal of the same orders (progress through the three
gates, copies pressed so far, the lab certificate of the compound lot,
listening checks). All orders, values and IDs are simulated; limits are
illustrative until the acceptance specifications are written.

Modules, in build order. Each keeps its records in ERPNext; the last
column is the machine data it keeps outside.

| # | Module | Records in ERPNext | What we build | Machine data, outside ERPNext |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Orders and releases | Customer, Sales Order, an Item and BOM per release and format (record, inner sleeve, jacket, inserts, shrink), custom Release and Side documents, due dates | order intake on the artist platform, order views | none |
| 2 | Audio intake and the client vault | custom Audio Asset document per file version: checksum, handler, technical QA form | upload via portal or SFTP with automatic checks | the audio files, in an encrypted, access-logged dataset separate from everything else |
| 3 | The three artist gates | custom Artist Gate document per gate (master plan, master, test pressing), submitted on approval: who, when, from which portal session or on whose verbal instruction; the next job card cannot start without it | approve and report-a-problem in the portal | none |
| 4 | Mastering and cutting sessions | Job Card with custom fields: engineer, chain settings, lacquer serial numbers, dead-wax scribe text and fiducial, microscope check | mastering and cutting-room kiosks | lathe logs, microscope images |
| 5 | Metal genealogy | Serial No per lacquer, father, mother and stamper with its parent (or the bridged supplier and batch), its warehouse (archive with box and shelf position in the mobile shelving, [facility security](facility-security.md#archive-room-mobile-shelving); rack; press), play count and retirement reason, stamper sets grown per mother; a Quality Inspection per measured part | plating, stamper-prep and archive scanning | Keyence and XRF raw files |
| 6 | Materials | Batch per PVC lot, regrind batch, label lot, carton and sleeve lot; Purchase Receipt; Quality Inspection for the lab gate (CoA attached), label print inspection and incoming QC; Stock Entry into the hopper | lab station, goods-in scanning | instrument raw files |
| 7 | Press runs | Job Card per run: press (workstation), stamper serial numbers, operator, shift, batches consumed, good and rejected quantities; Downtime Entry per stop; Stock Entry (manufacture) at the end | press-side kiosk, the machine-data service | every cycle as a row keyed by press + counter with the key press values and the zone environment snapshot; the record key is derived from it per side |
| 8 | QC verdicts | Quality Inspection per run, batch and test pressing with reject reasons; flagged listening checks with the engineer's verdict; the test-pressing hold | QC views, listening station | optical result and image per record, audio captures and scores per sampled record, packaging scan per unit |
| 9 | Finishing, packaging, fulfillment | packing Job Card, Delivery Note, Shipment with carrier and tracking per consignment or dropshipped end customer, Sales Invoice | packing and dispatch kiosks | per-unit assembly scans (dead-wax code against jacket barcode) |
| 10 | Customer portal | reads the customer's records above, scoped to the ERPNext customer; PDF export of the trace | the portal | reads the machine data of the customer's own orders |
| 11 | Reports and signals | ERPNext reports for money, stock and work orders | yield per stamper, reject-rate drift, audio score versus play count (the automatic retirement signal), energy per record, environment excursions over runs | the curves from VictoriaMetrics for the run's window |

The public front of order intake (price calculator, uploads with
automatic checks, fan-funded campaigns) is planned in
[artist platform](artist-platform.md), including why its public side
should not depend on the plant's WAN link.

The machine-data store has the only tables we own: `press_cycle`,
`record`, `optical_result`, `audio_result`, `packaging_scan`,
`instrument_file`, `event` (the hash chain), each carrying the ERPNext
names it belongs to (job card, batch, serial number). In ERPNext the
`cnx_erp` app adds the custom document types Release, Side, Audio Asset
and Artist Gate, and custom fields on Job Card, Serial No, Batch and
Quality Inspection; everything else is a standard ERPNext document type.

Stations use the same application in kiosk mode: an operator taps a badge
(the same card the access-control system issues, so one ID) and scans
whatever the step asks for; each confirmation is a time log or a
completed quantity on the station's ERPNext job card. No forms longer
than one screen. The office works in ERPNext's own desk (purchasing,
accounts, stock counts, planning); we build an interface only where the
desk does not fit the work.

## ERPNext: the plant's ERP

Decided October 2026: **the whole plant runs ERPNext**, the open-source ERP
on the Frappe framework (GPLv3, no licence fee; version 15 is the current
stable line). It closes the item this plan had left for after launch, and
it sets the rule for everything we build: **ERPNext is the system of
record, and what we build are tools and interfaces that interact with
it**, through the integration described here. Invoices, stock and every
other record of the business and of production are kept in ERPNext; only
machine data (telemetry and the other machine-speed data of decision 2)
is kept outside it.

### Who owns what

| Object | In ERPNext | Outside ERPNext (machine data) | Our tools |
|---|---|---|---|
| Customers, contacts, addresses (fans who buy included) | Customer, Contact, Address | none | the portal is scoped to the ERPNext customer; the artist platform links each account to one |
| Price list, item prices, pricing rules | Price List, Item Price, Pricing Rule | none | the artist-platform calculator reads them; the demos' price list becomes an ERPNext price list |
| Quotations, sales orders, invoices, payments (fan pledges in the ring-fenced account included) | Quotation, Sales Order, Sales Invoice, Payment Entry | none | the artist platform creates them |
| Releases, audio versions, the three artist gates | custom Release, Side, Audio Asset and Artist Gate documents | the audio files, in the client vault | portal upload and approval |
| Items and BOMs: one item per release and format (record, sleeves, jacket, labels, compound per copy), raw materials, packaging, spares | Item, BOM | none | none |
| Work orders, job cards per operation (mastering, cutting, plating, stamper prep, test pressings, pressing, packing), workstations | Work Order, Job Card with time logs and quantities, Operation, Workstation | none | the station kiosks work the job cards |
| Stock: compound lots, regrind, label and carton lots, finished goods, spares, warehouses including the archive | Batch, Purchase Receipt, Stock Entry, Warehouse | which lot sat in which hopper for each cycle | lab and goods-in stations, the machine-data service posts consumption |
| Lab gates and inspections | Quality Inspection per batch, run, stamper and test pressing, with templates carrying the parameters and limits of [quality automation](quality-automation.md); CoA attached | instrument raw files and images | instrument adapters create the inspections |
| Metal parts: lacquers, fathers, mothers, stampers | Serial No with its parent, location (archive box and shelf, rack, press), play count, retirement, sets per mother | metrology raw files | plating, prep and archive kiosks |
| Press runs and stops | Job Card per run (good, rejected, scrap to regrind), Downtime Entry per stop (workstation, reason, from, to) | per-cycle rows, PLC telemetry | the machine-data service posts the totals |
| Per-record inspection, audio samples, packaging scans | totals and verdicts per run, the engineer's verdict on each flagged sample | every record's optical result and image, audio captures and scores, per-unit scans | QC views |
| Environment, energy, utilities | energy per record in reports, from totals | VictoriaMetrics time series | Grafana, alerting |
| Deliveries | Delivery Note, Shipment (carrier, tracking) | none | dispatch kiosk |
| Assets: presses, lathe, galvanics, Sibert line, utilities, PV and BESS, IT | Asset, depreciation, Asset Maintenance, maintenance schedules | run hours, alarms | none |
| Purchasing, suppliers, accounting, Thai VAT and withholding tax, payroll | ERPNext, with the HR app for payroll | none | none |

### How every tool interacts with it

1. **One integration layer.** A typed client for the Frappe REST API
   (`/api/resource/<DocType>` and whitelisted methods) lives in
   `cnx-factory` and is the only path in or out. Each tool authenticates
   as its own integration user (API key and secret in clan vars) whose
   role grants only the document types it writes. ERPNext pushes changes
   (submitted sales orders and work orders, purchase receipts, items and
   prices) to the factory application with Frappe's webhooks.
2. **Outbox, not live calls.** Every posting is written to an outbox
   table in the same transaction as the floor event and sent by a worker
   with retries; each carries the event's ID in a custom field, so a
   retry never creates a second document. ERPNext down for an upgrade
   stops nothing on the floor; the outbox catches up (decision 8
   extended).
3. **Business-sized postings.** Per job card, per run, per lot, per
   stop, per shift. Never per record or per cycle.
4. **ERPNext names are the shared keys** (sales order, work order, job
   card, batch, serial number). The machine-data store has keys of its
   own only for cycles and records (press + counter, and the record key
   on the sleeve, which never changes) and stores the ERPNext names
   beside them.
5. **Customisation as code.** Custom fields, document types, print
   formats and webhooks ship as one Frappe app in our Gitea (working name
   `cnx_erp`), installed and upgraded by the deployment, never clicked
   into production by hand.
6. **Nightly reconciliation** of totals per work order and per batch in
   both directions; a mismatch is an alarm, not a silent fix.
7. **The public side never reaches ERPNext directly.** The artist
   platform's public process (see [artist platform](artist-platform.md))
   posts through the plant's API over the mesh; payment-provider webhooks
   land on the public process and become payment entries through the
   same outbox. No ERPNext endpoint is published.
8. **New tools follow the same rule.** A dashboard, a script or a kiosk
   app built later uses the same client and an integration user of its
   own, and keeps its records in ERPNext. A tool that cannot read from or
   write to ERPNext this way is not finished; a tool with its own
   database of business records is not allowed. Machine data is the only
   exception.

### Hosting on NixOS

- ERPNext has no package or module in nixpkgs (the request,
  NixOS/nixpkgs#241921, has been open since 2023). Community Nix packaging
  exists: Avunu's [frappe-nix](https://github.com/Avunu/frappe-nix) (a
  NixOS module `services.frappe` with per-site systemd units, a uv2nix
  Python environment and a database snapshot before every migration) and
  pub.solar's erpnext-nix. Plan: start from frappe-nix, pinned as a flake
  input in the clan repo. Fallback: the official frappe_docker images
  declared as `virtualisation.oci-containers` on the same NixOS machine,
  still declared in the clan, never a hand-built Docker host. Both
  checked October 2026.
- **MariaDB**, ERPNext's standard database (10.11 on the version 15
  stack), with Redis. PostgreSQL support in Frappe is growing but is not
  ERPNext's main path, so the plant runs two database engines. Backups:
  Frappe's site backup plus mariabackup to `vinyl-backup` and the
  off-site Borg set, and the quarterly restore drill includes ERPNext.
- **On site** (decision 8): machine `vinyl-erp`, reached by the office
  through the gateway proxy at `erp.lpn1.cnx.network`; staff sign on with
  the plant's OIDC provider (Frappe supports custom OAuth providers for
  login); the external accountant over the mesh.
- **Upgrades** run on a restored copy first; the clan pins the ERPNext
  version, so a major upgrade is a reviewed change, not a surprise.

### Thai localisation and a partner

- [erpnext_thailand](https://github.com/ecosoft-frappe/erpnext_thailand)
  (Ecosoft, Bangkok; version 15; Frappe Cloud marketplace, checked
  October 2026): Thai VAT including service VAT at payment, withholding
  tax and its certificates, PND and purchase and sales tax reports for
  the Revenue Department, billing notes, deposit invoices and Bank of
  Thailand exchange rates.
- **Ecosoft** (ecosoft.co.th) is a Frappe certified partner and the
  maintainer of that app; ask it for an implementation and support quote
  alongside doing it in-house. Its site shows an ERPNext rollout at a
  firm named Lamphun Plastpack.
- **Payroll**: Thai social security and PND 1 are not in that app's
  list; check what Frappe HR covers with configuration and what Ecosoft
  uses.
- **BOI**: machinery and raw materials imported under promotion have to
  be accounted for ([BOI](boi.md)); the asset register and the stock
  ledger are where that record lives. Check the raw-material reporting
  the BOI asks for against what ERPNext produces before go-live.

### Phasing and cost

- **Now:** a dev ERPNext next to the dev trio behind `gw-cnx-1`, the
  `cnx_erp` app skeleton, and the integration client in `cnx-factory` v0
  against it.
- **From the first capex invoice:** accounting, purchasing and the asset
  register, so the BOI asset list and depreciation start there. The
  build's cost entries in proplan (project CNX-01) are the source for
  capitalising the plant at handover.
- **Commissioning and launch:** items, BOMs, workstations, inspection
  templates, releases and artist gates, work orders and job cards, serial
  numbers for every metal part (bought stampers as well as our own);
  stations work the job cards.
- **Expand:** payroll if it did not start earlier.

Estimates: no licence; `vinyl-erp` 2,000 to 4,000 USD of hardware (none
if it runs as a VM); ERPNext configuration (chart of accounts, Thai tax,
items, BOMs, workstations, inspection templates, print formats) 1 to 2
person-months or a partner quote; the integration and the `cnx_erp` app
(custom documents for releases, sides, audio assets and gates; custom
fields on job cards, serial numbers, batches and inspections) 2 to 3
person-months; Nix packaging and the clan module 0.5 to 1 person-month.
The factory application's own estimate shrinks by what ERPNext now holds
(orders, stock, genealogy, inspections, shipping); re-estimate both once
the dev ERPNext runs.

## Observability and alerting

Two tiers, split by where the data is:

- **Process, on site** (`vinyl-core`: VictoriaMetrics, vmalert,
  Grafana, Alertmanager): zone environment excursions and rate of change,
  boiler pressure and level, chiller return temperature, compressed-air
  pressure, hydraulic pressure, reject rate per run above baseline,
  stamper approaching its play-count limit, PV or BESS faults, fire and
  BESS detection contacts, UPS on battery. Works with the WAN down.
- **Hosts, on the fleet** (`control`): node_exporter and journald from
  every plant machine over the mesh, the existing `ScrapeTargetDown`,
  `RootFilesystemFull`, `BackupJobFailed`, `BackupStale` rules apply to
  them without changes.
- **Data-silence alarms** in both tiers: a collector that has published
  nothing for five minutes is an alarm, whatever the last value was.

Routing: Telegram or the LINE Messaging API for the shift group, email
digest daily, SMS through a Thai gateway for the critical set (boiler,
fire, BESS, archive climate) with an on-call rota. `control`'s vmalert can
drop `notifier.blackhole` and point at the same Alertmanager over the
mesh, which closes the fleet's own alert-delivery item. The animated
[plant operation page](plant-operation.html) is the design target for the
live overview: once the series exist it is fed from VictoriaMetrics
instead of its simulation.

## Backup, retention and recovery

- **Hourly ZFS snapshots** on `vinyl-core` (sanoid), replicated to
  `vinyl-backup` (syncoid) for the file datasets and the PostgreSQL data
  directory.
- **Nightly Borg** (clan `borgbackup`) from `vinyl-core` and the edge
  collectors to `vinyl-backup`, and from `vinyl-core` to the off-site
  destination as a second entry in `destinations`; repokey encryption as
  the fleet already does.
- **PostgreSQL point-in-time recovery**: pgBackRest with WAL archiving to
  `vinyl-backup`, its repository included in the off-site Borg set; a
  streaming replica on `vinyl-backup` for fast failover.
- **VictoriaMetrics**: `vmbackup` snapshots to `vinyl-backup` nightly; the
  fleet's own open item (backing up `control`'s TSDB) gets a destination
  at the same time.
- **ERPNext**: Frappe's site backup and mariabackup to `vinyl-backup`
  nightly, in the off-site Borg set, restored in the same drill.
- **Configuration**: the clan repo, `cnx-factory` and the `cnx_erp` app in
  Gitea; any machine is rebuilt from them.
- **Restore drill quarterly**: restore the database to a scratch VM and
  open a random order's trace in the portal. A backup that has never been
  restored does not count. The `BackupStale` rule already watches the
  timers.

| Data | Retention |
|---|---|
| genealogy, orders, gates, QC verdicts, event log | life of the customer relationship, never deleted while the metal parts exist |
| per-cycle press rows | forever (small) |
| 1 Hz machine telemetry | 2 years in VictoriaMetrics (`retentionPeriod`); per-cycle rows carry the summary forever |
| zone environment | 5 years (separate VM retention filter, or a second small instance) |
| energy and water | forever (small; also summarised per shift into PostgreSQL) |
| audio captures and inspection images | 2 years, longer for any record with a complaint |
| client audio | per contract; default deleted 12 months after final delivery, or on request |
| access-control events | 1 year |
| CCTV | 30 days |
| host logs and metrics | fleet defaults: 30 d logs, 180 d metrics on `control` |

PDPA applies to badge events, CCTV and customer contact data: a written
retention policy, role-based access, and export/deletion on request. The
customer portal shows operator roles, never operator names.

## Security

- OT segments have no gateway interface and no internet; edge collectors
  are the only bridge and they only publish.
- Stations and office reach the application only through the gateway's
  Caddy, with the wildcard certificate the fleet already issues; the
  servers VLAN accepts nothing from other VLANs.
- Staff sign-on through an OIDC provider on `vinyl-core` (Pocket ID,
  passkeys; the fleet has no identity provider yet, so this is the first)
  with roles: admin, engineer, operator, sales, customer. Stations
  authenticate by badge for attribution, not for privilege.
- Secrets only in clan vars (YubiKey-gated, `admins` group); nothing in
  plain text in either repo.
- Client audio: separate encrypted ZFS dataset, SFTP or portal upload with
  checksums, every read logged, a written policy sales can show a label.
- UPS on `vinyl-core`, `gw-lpn-1`, the switches, the edge collectors and
  the press PLCs (already required by facility security); NUT triggers a
  clean shutdown before the battery is exhausted.
- Admin access rides the mesh, as for every fleet machine; public SSH is
  never opened.

## Procurement clauses

To go into every RFQ that leaves from [roadmap](roadmap.md) items 4 to 8:

1. **Presses (Newbilt, Pheenix)**: OPC UA (or S7/ADS) read access licensed
   and enabled; the full tag list with units and the cycle counter as a
   tag; a defined hand-off of the cycle counter to the inspection trigger;
   remote support through our mesh; no cloud agent as a warranty
   condition; PLC clock accepting NTP.
2. **Boiler, chiller, compressor, heat pump (Thai vendors)**: Modbus RTU or
   TCP with the register map delivered; alarm contacts wired to a terminal
   strip for us.
3. **HVAC contractor**: a BMS with BACnet/IP or Modbus TCP read access and
   a point list; zone sensor wiring and room dP sensors in scope; sensor
   loops terminated in the edge cabinets.
4. **Electrical contractor**: Modbus energy meters on the feeders listed
   above; RS485 to the inverters and BESS BMS without cloud dongles;
   structured cabling, a VLAN-capable industrial switch in every cabinet,
   and Omada-managed switches and APs for the building so the gateway's
   existing Omada controller covers the site.
5. **Galvanics (Digital Matrix, Pheenix Alpha)**: what the rectifiers,
   control rings and PLCs expose, and how; Modbus preferred; remote support
   through our mesh, no vendor cloud. **Sibert**: whether the VS machines
   can take a stamper serial in and write the centring result out, and
   which features of the fully automatic VSPa can move to the VSP.
6. **Metrology (Keyence Thailand)**: confirmed CSV/3D export paths and
   whether the instrument software can write to a network share unattended.
7. **Vision integrator**: result string format, image push over SFTP,
   cycle counter correlation, and an acceptance test defined in records not
   in features.
8. **Access control and fire**: API or export for door events; dry
   contacts for every alarm class; BESS detection outputs.

## Build order

Aligned with the [roadmap](roadmap.md) phases.

**Now (roadmap Phase 0 and 1): design and dev fleet.**

- Put the procurement clauses above into the Newbilt re-quote, the
  Pheenix, Digital Matrix and Thai utility RFQs.
- In the clan repo: reserve the site id and VLAN table, write
  `modules/vinyl/{core,metrics,edge,station}.nix`, and stand up a dev
  trio at the Chiang Mai site behind `gw-cnx-1` (a `vinyl-core` stand-in,
  one edge collector with a Modbus and OPC UA simulator, one station).
  This proves the modules, the mesh path and the proxy before a single
  plant machine exists, and the machines move to the plant when it does.
- Land the three router-module extensions on `gw-cnx-1` first, where they
  are also useful.
- Stand up a dev ERPNext beside the dev trio (frappe-nix module, or the
  container fallback) and build the integration client against it from
  `cnx-factory` v0 onward.
- Start `cnx-factory` v0 against a press simulator (the state machine in
  the plant operation page is the seed: same states, same cycle timing) so
  orders, gates, genealogy and press cycles can be exercised end to end
  without hardware; package it as a flake from the first commit.
- Wire the Alertmanager and one real receiver; point `control`'s vmalert
  at it.

**Build and commission (roadmap Phase 3).**

- `gw-lpn-1`, switches, `vinyl-core` and `vinyl-backup` installed before
  the machinery arrives, so vendor commissioning engineers plug into a
  finished network; ns1 gets the gateway's ACME key at the same time.
- Zone sensor loops, meters and edge cabinets installed by the electrical
  and HVAC contractors during fit-out; environment logging is live before
  pressing starts, which gives a baseline.
- Machinery commissioning includes data acceptance: every tag on the list
  readable, the cycle counter increments in the database with each cycle,
  data-silence alarms proven by pulling a cable.
- Application v1 live: intake, gates, bridge-stamper genealogy, press runs
  and cycles, PVC lot gate, packaging scan, shipments; stations at press,
  lab, packaging and shipping.
- Off-site backup destination live and a first restore drill done.

**Launch (roadmap Phase 4).**

- Optical inspection integrated and correlated; reject reasons flowing.
- Customer portal opened to the first labels through `web01`.
- Energy and environment dashboards used for the first PV and HVAC
  tuning.

**Expand (roadmap Phase 5).**

- `vinyl-edge-galv`, bath sensors, rectifier data, metrology ingestion at
  `vinyl-st-metrology`; genealogy switches from bridged to in-house.
- Audio QC station and pipeline; retirement signal live.
- Automated press line joins the same collector with the same tag family.
- Biomass boiler on the same Modbus path as its predecessor.

## Rough cost

Planning estimates, September 2026, excluding the QC instruments (those
are in quality automation) and excluding the vendors' OPC UA license
options, which come back with the quotes. Fleet pieces already paid for
(`control`, `ns1`, `ns2`, `web01`, the mesh) cost the plant nothing extra.

| Block | Estimate (USD) |
|---|---|
| `gw-lpn-1` (Topton 1U, fleet standard) | 300 to 500 |
| `vinyl-core` and `vinyl-backup` servers, UPS, rack | 8,000 to 15,000 |
| `vinyl-erp` server (none if it runs as a VM) | 2,000 to 4,000 |
| Omada switches and APs for the building, industrial switches in the cabinets, cabling allowance | 4,000 to 8,000 |
| 3 edge collectors with I/O modules and enclosures | 3,000 to 6,000 |
| 8 station kiosks with readers, scanners, one barcode verifier, one darkfield camera | 8,000 to 15,000 |
| zone environment sensors (12 to 16 points), room dP, reference PM instrument | 4,000 to 8,000 |
| energy meters (10 feeders), water meters, level transmitters | 3,000 to 6,000 |
| audio QC hardware (turntable, arm, cartridge, phono stage, interface) | 2,000 to 5,000 |
| off-site backup storage, per year | 100 to 500 |
| **Hardware total** | **~34,000 to 68,000** |
| `cnx-factory` to v1 (orders through shipments, stations, portal) | 4 to 6 person-months |
| ERPNext: configuration with Thai tax, the integration and the `cnx_erp` app, Nix packaging | 3.5 to 6 person-months, or a partner quote for the configuration |
| Clan modules, router extensions, collectors, dashboards and rules to commissioning | 1 to 2 person-months |
| Vision, metrology and audio pipeline integration (Launch and Expand) | 3 to 5 person-months, plus integrator fees in the vision quote |

Headcount note: [scale](scale.md) lists no IT or automation role in the
15 to 25 people. Running this needs one automation and IT engineer from
Build onward, part-time at launch; add it to the headcount.

## Open questions

- Site code and id: `lpn` / 3 assumed; confirm when the site is chosen and
  the fleet site table is updated.
- Semi-automatic press PLC: does the HRP 12 expose data, or is the sensor
  fallback needed? (Ask in the Newbilt re-quote.)
- Cycle counter hand-off to the vision system: PLC output, network
  message, or time correlation at the unloader? Decided with the vision
  integrator, tested at acceptance.
- HVAC BMS protocol and who owns the zone sensors: HVAC contractor or us.
- Off-site backup destination: Hetzner Storage Box (cheapest) or a storage
  VPS that is also a mesh peer (uniform tooling). Data residency for
  customer audio may argue for a Bangkok provider instead.
- Customer portal domain: the plant's brand domain (new zone on ns1/ns2,
  second cert on `web01`) or a name under `cnx.network` for launch.
  Internal testing has its own domain, `cnxvinyl.lol` (registered
  2026-10-02, DNS on Cloudflare): a static demo site built from
  [`site/`](../site/README.md) and served by the buildfor.life web server,
  not a plant service. The brand domain decision stays open.
- Portal availability during a plant WAN outage: accept it (the portal is
  a view of live data) or add a read replica on the fleet side later.
- ERPNext (decided October 2026, see its section): own machine or a VM
  on `vinyl-core`; frappe-nix or the container fallback; Ecosoft or
  in-house for the configuration; payroll localisation; the BOI
  raw-material reporting; when the company's books move into it.
- Dead-wax code readability on black and coloured vinyl with a camera:
  test with samples before the packaging station is designed.