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Payap still an option: rezoning route; order example opaque 
User, 20 Oct 2026: Payap University claims they can rezone the land;
update the deck to show it is still an option. And: do not use a
transparent vinyl as the example in the order tool screenshot.

- land-listings/payap/rezoning-2026-10-20.md (new): what a rezoning is
  under the Town Planning Act B.E. 2562 (section 35 amendment started by
  DPT or the local official, Town Planning Commission, 30-day posting
  with objections, Ministry of Interior notification via Cabinet and the
  Royal Gazette; a landowner can ask, not rezone), the DPT's own work
  plan (~70 weeks without objections, ~82 with: ~16 to 19 months), the
  schedule effect (roughly a year on first production unless the request
  starts now; estimate) and what to ask Payap. DPT procedure PDF filed.
- site-candidates.md: Payap "still an option" in the table, rezoning
  paragraph with an Open action, check 1 and the re-siting rule; zoning
  record, payap-partnership.md and README point to it.
- Business plan 6.1, risk table and critical path: Payap's rezoning
  claim and its ~16 to 19 months; A and B rebuilt (63 pages, checked).
- Deck: site slide names Payap as an option once rezoned, notes and
  source line; risk row updated.
- order.html: the "Splatter 12"" preset now has a white base instead of
  clear; deck platform screenshots re-shot in both themes (numbers
  unchanged: 100 fans, break-even 46, ~480 THB kept). Order checks 96/96,
  fan parity 206/206; deck verify clean in both themes, PDFs rebuilt.
2026-10-20 14:58:40 +07:00

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"""Part B: what makes it top-notch (traceability, metrology, QC, efficiency); site and building;
regulatory (BOI and licences). Draft 0.3, October 2026: one text for both versions, Plan A (~180M
THB, the launch plant with six cost levers) and Plan B (~215M THB, the same launch plant with
everything in, none of the levers); the plan-specific passages switch with plan_variant.pick(),
called inside blocks()."""
from plan_lib import H1, H2, H3, P, B, N, T, KV, IMG, CALL, PB
from plan_variant import pick, is_a, is_b, label, name
def blocks():
return [
# ------------------------------------------------- 5 top-notch
H1("5. What makes it top-notch: traceability, metrology, QC and efficiency"),
P("A pressing plant makes records. A top-notch plant knows, for every record it has ever made, "
"exactly how it was made, can prove it to the customer, and wastes as little energy, water and "
"material as the physics allows. This section is the heart of the plan, because these four "
"capabilities are what a regional customer cannot buy today and what justifies export-grade "
"pricing. None of it is exotic: the instruments exist, the data interfaces exist, and the "
"engineering is well understood. What is unusual is putting all of it in one plant from the "
"start rather than bolting it on later. The plan makes that possible: with the cutting "
"room and galvanics in-house from the first release, the whole chain from lacquer to box runs "
"through our own floor, with no bought-in stamper whose history we cannot see."),
H2("5.1 Traceability: every record knows its history"),
P("Every step of production is logged continuously, so that every record is traceable end to end "
"for the customer. This is a fixed requirement and the core specification for the plant's "
"software. The identity of a record is **stamper + press + cycle timestamp + side**, and "
"everything else hangs off that key."),
P("**It is also the part of the plan the industry responds to.** At Making Vinyl Europe 2026 in "
"Haarlem most people the team talked to were strongly interested in full traceability. For "
"Sibert's representative it was one of the reasons to talk to a newcomer at all: without it he "
"would have advised strongly against the plan, and seeing buildfor.life's software and data "
"work told him the project comes from the right direction. That is supplier feedback, not buyer "
"price validation, which is still open; but it shows where a newcomer's credibility comes from, "
"and why the data side leads in every supplier and investor conversation."),
T(["Stage", "What is recorded"], [
["Audio intake", "File received, checksums, versions, who handled it, approval trail; the files "
"themselves sit in an encrypted, access-logged client vault"],
["Mastering", "Session log, engineer, settings, the artist's approvals at the master-plan and "
"master gates"],
["Cutting", "Lacquer serial, lathe parameters and the Sillitoe lathe's own session files (cue "
"sheet, groove export, stylus hours), microscope check, dead-wax scribe"],
["Galvanics", "Silvering and plating bath IDs, rectifier current and ampere-hours, bath "
"chemistry, father/mother/stamper genealogy (which stamper came from which mother "
"from which father); all in-house from launch"],
["Stamper preparation", "Back-finish, punch and coin as station check-ins (the Sibert machines "
"have no data interface); the punched centre slug kept as the stamper's "
"test coupon"],
["Pressing", "Press, operator, shift, stamper serials, per-cycle temperatures, pressures and "
"cycle time, PVC compound lot and virgin/regrind mix, label lot"],
["Quality control", "Optical result for every record, audio score for every sampled record, "
"test-pressing approval, reject counts and reasons"],
["Finishing and packaging", "Trimming, sleeving, carton and sleeve lots; every unit's dead-wax "
"code checked against its jacket barcode"],
["Fulfilment", "Warehouse location, shipment or dropshipping consignment, carrier tracking per "
"end customer"],
["Archive", "Father and mother of every side, with box and shelf position"],
], widths_mm=[38, 132]),
H3("How it is built: one system of record, machine data beside it"),
P("**ERPNext is the plant's only system of record** (decided October 2026). ERPNext is an "
"open-source ERP with no licence fee. Every record of the business and of production lives in "
"it: customers, prices, orders and the three artist approval gates, invoices and payments, stock "
"and compound lots, work orders and job cards, quality inspections, and the serial number of "
"every lacquer, father, mother and stamper with its parent. What the project builds are tools "
"and interfaces that read and write ERPNext: station kiosks, the customer portal, the artist "
"platform, instrument adapters and reports. None of them keeps business records of its own, so "
"a trace and an invoice always point at the same order."),
P("**Machine data stays beside it, keyed to it.** What machines produce at machine speed "
"(per-cycle press rows, the optical result of every record, audio captures, instrument raw files, "
"1 Hz time series of temperatures, energy and water) is too much for an ERP. It lives in a "
"machine-data store on the plant's core server, every row carrying the ERPNext job card, batch "
"and serial number it belongs to; ERPNext receives totals and verdicts per run, lot and shipment. "
"Rows are written once and never changed (append-only, each event carrying the hash of the one "
"before), and corrections are new entries that reference the old, so the record a customer sees "
"can be trusted."),
P("**It runs on a fleet B4L already operates.** Every plant server is a NixOS machine declared in "
"B4L's existing fleet repository (its clan), so a failed machine is rebuilt from the repository "
"instead of by hand, and the plant reuses the fleet's mesh network, DNS, monitoring and backups "
"instead of building them again. The factory application (cnx-factory, its own repository) uses "
"the Rust web stack B4L already runs for its other tools. Vendor instrument PCs stay appliances "
"that export into this estate and host nothing of ours. The plant runs without the internet: a "
"WAN outage stops only the customer portal, off-site backup and remote support, which catch up "
"when it returns."),
P("**Machine data access is a purchasing condition.** Every equipment RFQ carries a data clause: "
"for the presses, OPC UA (or Siemens S7) read access licensed and enabled, the full tag list "
"with the cycle counter as a tag, and no vendor cloud agent as a warranty condition; for the "
"boilers, chillers and compressor, Modbus with the register map delivered; for the air "
"conditioning, BACnet or Modbus read access to the building management system. The question is "
"free before a purchase order and expensive after it."),
B([
"**Log at the source.** Machine data comes from the machine, never from transcription; manual "
"steps get a badge tap and a scan at a station kiosk, not paperwork.",
"**Counters, not clocks.** Every press cycle carries the press's own cycle counter and every "
"measurement the serial of the part it was read from; wall-clock time is recorded, but two "
"systems are never joined on it.",
"**Environment attached.** Temperature, humidity and particulates of every zone are logged on "
"the same timeline, and each press cycle carries a snapshot of them.",
"**Operators see it first.** Every live value is shown at the station where it can change the "
"next cycle before it becomes a report. Sibert's advice after Haarlem was exactly this: "
"feedback loops the staff use to improve production decide whether a plant succeeds.",
"**Kept as long as it matters.** Logs for the life of the customer relationship; genealogy for "
"as long as the archive holds the metal.",
]),
P("**Identity travels with the product.** The matrix code scribed into the lacquer's dead wax "
"propagates through father, mother and stamper to every pressed record. A small angular fiducial "
"scribed beside it makes each part's rotation camera-readable at any stage, and lets the packing "
"station read the code on a finished record and match it to the jacket barcode. Nickel parts "
"additionally get a laser-marked serial on the back, as the optical-disc industry marked its "
"stampers; lacquers are never lasered (nitrocellulose is flammable) and records are never lasered "
"(burning PVC releases hydrochloric acid)."),
P("**The metal archive.** Decided in October 2026: the father **and** the mother of every side are "
"archived. As a rule of thumb a mother yields about ten stamper sets and a father five to ten "
"mothers, so a worn mother is regrown from the father without recutting the lacquer, and a "
"repress years later starts from metal the plant already holds. The archive room gets mobile "
"shelving (section 6.2); every box and shelf position has an address, and each part's serial "
"number in ERPNext carries its location, so a repress order says which box to pull."),
CALL("Why this is a product feature, not an internal file", [
"**Customers see their order.** A per-order portal reads the customer's own records and machine "
"data, without exposing anyone else's: progress through the three gates, copies pressed so far, "
"the compound lot's lab certificate, the listening checks. The investor demo shows the per-copy "
"version, a 'record passport' reached from the code on the sleeve (IDs simulated). Labels ask "
"about pre-release security and provenance before they send masters; this answers both.",
"**A complaint resolves backwards.** One noisy record resolves to its stamper, press, cycle, "
"operator, compound lot and packaging lot, and from the stamper back through mother and father "
"to the lacquer and the approved master. Root cause takes minutes, not a week of guessing.",
"**Stampers retire on data.** Audio scores trending down against a stamper's play count become "
"an automatic retirement signal instead of a customer complaint.",
"**Represses start from the shelf.** The archive location of every father and mother sits on its "
"serial number, so a repress is a regrow, not a recut.",
]),
P("**Cost and build.** The factory software is estimated at USD 60k to 170k, the ERPNext "
"implementation (configuration with Thai tax through Ecosoft's Thai localisation, the "
"integration, packaging for NixOS) at USD 15k to 50k, and the artist platform's public side at "
"USD 40k to 90k: the 115k to 310k software block in section 8 (estimates). No vendor sells a "
"turnkey version; it is a development project. Version 1 (intake, gates, genealogy, press runs "
"and cycles, the compound lot gate, packaging scan, shipments) goes live during commissioning, "
"and the network, servers and edge collectors go in before the machinery arrives, so vendor "
"engineers plug into a finished network and the first test pressings are already in the system. "
"Running it needs one automation and IT engineer from the build onward. Open design work: whether "
"the semi-automatic HRP 12 presses expose PLC data or need the priced sensor fallback (asked in "
"the Newbilt re-quote); how a press hands its cycle counter to the vision system; reading the "
"scribed dead-wax code with a camera on black and coloured vinyl (tested with samples first); "
"retention and PDPA handling for operator-linked records; Thai payroll and BOI raw-material "
"reporting in ERPNext."),
H2("5.2 Metrology: measuring the metal before it presses a single record"),
P("A stamper is a 0.2 to 0.3 mm nickel disc carrying a spiral ridge 40 to 80 microns wide and about "
"28 microns high, 200 to 350 turns per inch. Industry practice, even at respected stamper houses, "
"is to check its thickness with a hand micrometer at ten points on sacrificial blanks, with "
"nothing logged. A top-notch plant measures the metal without contact, per serial, and makes an "
"accept or reject decision on data before the next plating generation or the press mounting."),
T(["Instrument", "What it measures", "How it is used", "When"], [
["XRF thickness gauge (Fischer or Bowman class)", "Nickel deposit thickness, non-destructive",
"Per serial, read on the outer land zones; replaces the ten-point micrometer. Target total "
"thickness variation 10 to 20 microns", "At launch"],
["Inline machine vision", "Cosmetic defects", "100% of parts, fast", "At launch"],
["3D laser confocal microscope (Keyence VK-X class)", "Groove cross-section, wall roughness, "
"micro-defects; 20 nm vertical, ~120 nm lateral resolution, non-contact", "Sampled radial "
"zones (lead-in, outer, mid, inner) on fathers, mothers and stampers; the full spiral is not "
"feasible and not needed. The optical-disc industry verified its nickel stampers with this "
"instrument class", pick("From revenue", "At launch")],
["Wide-area optical profiler (Keyence VR-6000 class)", "Form, flatness, gross defects; 0.1 "
"micron height resolution, ~1 s per field, HDR mode for mirror-bright nickel",
"Fast whole-part mapping", pick("From revenue", "At launch")],
["Stylus profilometer", "Traceable reference", "Calibrates the optical instruments",
"With the optical instruments"],
], widths_mm=[38, 46, 56, 30], font_pt=8.5),
P("**Hardness comes free with the punch.** The Sibert punch leaves one centre slug per stamper. "
"Marked with the part serial, it is a per-stamper coupon for hardness and thickness, logged "
"against the plating bath, as the optical-disc industry measured stamper hardness on the punched "
"centre rather than on the part. A fresh nickel bath plates soft at first, which changes how "
"stampers punch and finish, so this is the cheapest bath check the plant has. The structure of "
"that industry's stamper specification (thickness, flatness, hardness, back roughness, centre "
"hole, eccentricity, burr, visual defects) is the model for the acceptance specification this "
"plant still has to write."),
P("Integration is real but not turnkey: the instruments export CSV and raw 3D data and support "
"scripting, but there is no off-the-shelf connector to a factory system. A small watcher at the "
"metrology bench stamps each result with the part serial scanned from its back, writes the "
"verdict to the part's quality inspection in ERPNext and the raw file to the machine-data store."),
CALL(f"Metrology in {name()}: " + pick("the launch tier", "the full stack at launch"), pick([
"**At launch: XRF, inline vision and the audio station**, USD 170k to 460k (5.6M to 15.2M THB, "
"estimate, section 8). Every father, mother and stamper still gets its nickel thickness "
"measured per serial by XRF and its surface screened by vision, and every record is still "
"inspected optically on the three presses, logged per cycle and sampled by the audio station "
"(section 5.3).",
"**From revenue: the laser confocal and the wide-area profiler**, USD 180k to 350k (estimate). "
"Buying them later takes ~8.8M THB out of the capital round at the midpoint, one of the six "
"levers that bring the plan to ~180M THB. Until they arrive, groove geometry and form on the "
"metal are judged indirectly, through the test pressing and the audio station, as most plants "
"do today.",
"The data path is the same from the first day, so the later instruments plug in without "
"rework. Distributor quotes for the metrology stack are one of the four requests that settle "
"the budget.",
], [
"**At launch: the full stack.** The metrology and QC block is USD 350k to 810k (11.6M to 26.7M "
"THB, estimate, section 8): XRF, laser confocal, wide-area profiler, inline vision on the three "
"presses and the audio station. Every father, mother and stamper is measured before the next "
"plating generation or the press, and groove geometry and form on the metal are measured from "
"the first release.",
"**If quotes land high,** the laser confocal and the wide-area profiler (USD 180k to 350k, "
"estimate) are the part that can wait and be bought from revenue: thickness and cosmetics "
"would still be measured on every part, and groove geometry judged through the test pressing "
"and the audio station meanwhile, as most plants do today.",
"Either way the data path is the same, so later instruments plug in without rework. "
"Distributor quotes for the metrology stack are one of the four requests that settle the "
"budget.",
])),
H2("5.3 Quality control: three layers for every record, one gate for every material"),
P("Full automated audio checking of every record is physically impossible: a 12-inch record plays "
"for about 40 minutes and a press makes a new one every 25 to 30 seconds, so one press outruns "
"roughly 80 to 95 full-time listening stations. No playback-QC robot exists anywhere. The credible "
"maximum-automation design is layered, and it is described to customers exactly as it is: 100% "
"optical plus per-cycle telemetry plus sampled audio, with human ears approving every test "
"pressing."),
T(["Layer", "What", "Catches", "Status"], [
["1. 100% inline optical inspection", "Darkfield line-scan cameras at the press unloader "
"inspect every record at line speed", "Non-fill (dull patches where PVC did not fill the "
"stamper), stitching and flow lines, warp, off-centre spindle holes, surface debris, wrong or "
"off-centre labels. Non-fill and stitching correlate with audible defects, so this is a strong "
"proxy for audio quality", "Custom integration of general machine vision (Keyence or Cognex "
"class) on all three presses; no vinyl-specific "
"product exists"],
["2. Press telemetry, every cycle", "Mould temperatures, pressures, cycle time, extruder values, "
"yields and drift alerts from the press PLC", "Process drift before it becomes a defect; the "
"record-level context for every other check", "Proven in the industry (Viryl's ADAPT model). "
"The Classic's Siemens PLC offers OPC UA (vendor "
"statement); for the HRP 12 the re-quote asks, "
"with a sensor fallback priced"],
["3. Automated audio comparison, sampled", "Needle-drop capture with automated analysis: "
"spectral-envelope comparison against the source master, click and pop counting, noise floor "
"from lead-in silence, channel balance; score and pass/fail to the record", "Wrong master cut "
"into good-looking grooves, EQ and mastering errors, speed and pitch problems; what no camera "
"can see", "Buildable from proven parts (Stamper Discs' Fonograph approach, iZotope-class "
"algorithms); first of its kind as a whole; " + pick("in the launch tier",
"at launch")],
], widths_mm=[30, 46, 54, 40], font_pt=8.5),
P("**Sampling rule for layer 3:** every test pressing and first-off per stamper, plus pulled "
"samples densifying as the stamper ages (a stamper lasts roughly 1,000 to 2,000 records; the "
"industry rule of thumb is a spot-play around every 50th)."),
H3("The materials lab"),
P("Every incoming compound lot passes a gate before it reaches a press, and its lot ID follows every "
"record pressed from it. Per lot, in-house from day one, on benchtop instruments with data "
"export: certificate of analysis against the agreed specification, moisture (the most common "
"cause of noisy surfaces), heat stability (PVC degradation releases hydrochloric acid and shows "
"as discoloration and noise), density, colour and gloss, granulate size and dust, specks on "
"pressed test plaques. In a climate of 60 to 90% ambient humidity a moisture result is only "
"comparable if the sample is taken sealed and conditioned the same way every time, so sample "
"conditioning is part of the method. New lots, and especially new suppliers, are released only by "
"a test pressing on a production press. This day-one tier is estimated at USD 55k to 150k and is "
"in the launch investment. The mature tier (torque rheometry, DSC, FTIR, ~USD 120k to 240k) is "
"deferred: Payap University's Faculty of Pharmacy and Chiang Mai University's science faculties "
"are the places to ask for contract testing in between (which instruments they hold is "
"unconfirmed). Supplier qualification uses an external lab for K-value, stabiliser "
"identification (legacy lead rejected) and heavy metals for export. The in-house regrind stream "
"has its own contamination gate. This protocol is how Thai and regional compounds are qualified "
"against the European references."),
H3("Packaging QC"),
P("Incoming cartons and sleeves are checked per delivery: dimensions (records must fit without "
"force; spine width per title), board grammage, print quality against the customer-approved "
"proof (spectrophotometer Delta E for colour-critical jobs), lamination and seam strength, inner "
"sleeve scuff risk. At assembly a camera reads the scribed dead-wax code (a handheld scanner "
"cannot read it reliably on black vinyl) and checks it against the jacket barcode, so a record "
"in the wrong jacket is caught systematically rather than being unlikely, and every unit's "
"barcode is verified. Results go back to Ploy Printing per packaging lot."),
H2("5.4 Efficiency: recover before you generate"),
P("The pressing machinery is a modest electrical load: 32 kVA connected for a full Duplex line. The "
"real demand sits in the utilities around it. " + pick(
"At launch the three presses need 450 to 540 kg/h of saturated steam at 10 bar / 180 °C and "
"~391.5 kW of cooling at a hot-afternoon peak; the utility backbone is built for the "
"five-press fleet (750 to 900 kg/h of steam, up to ~650 kW of cooling). ",
"At launch the three presses need 450 to 540 kg/h of saturated steam at 10 bar / 180 °C and "
"~391.5 kW of cooling at a hot-afternoon peak, on a utility backbone with rooms for four "
"boiler and four chiller modules, so the second Duplex system plugs in when revenue pays for "
"it. ") +
"On top comes whole-plant air conditioning in a tropical climate. Newbilt excludes "
"steam and cooling from its scope, so these systems are ours to design, and the design rests on "
"one observation: the steam's job is to heat the moulds and the cooling water's job is to remove "
"that same heat again. Roughly 98% of the press cooling load is heat the steam put into the "
"moulds, and the press cooling return leaves at about 60 °C. That warm return, the condensate and "
"the biomass boilers' flue gas are heat the plant reuses before it generates anything new."),
H3("Utilities: backbone once, modules with the presses"),
P("Everything that is cheap to oversize now and costly to change in a running plant is built once, "
"for the five-press fleet: the boiler hall and the chiller compound with room for four modules "
"each, the steam main and condensate return, the cooling mains, the heat-exchanger frame and "
"tanks, and hydraulic and compressed-air ring mains with a valved, capped tee at every press "
"position. The machines that make steam and cold water come in identical modules: at launch "
"two 500 kg/h biomass boilers (B-1, B-2) for the 450 to 540 kg/h peak (one ~1 t/h package is "
"the alternative) and two 250 kW air-cooled chillers rated at 40 °C ambient (CH-1, CH-2) for "
"~391.5 kW, sequenced lead and lag by one controller. Either boiler alone carries 93 to 111% of "
"the steam demand; one chiller out leaves ~64% of the cooling peak. Both plans make their steam "
"from biomass (below); " + pick(
"the boilers come from a Thai maker and the compressor from a Chinese brand's Thai office. ",
"the boilers and the compressor come from Thai suppliers, with local service. ") +
"Identical modules mean one set of spares "
"and one service routine, N+1 later is one more module rather than a redesign, and the plant "
"never runs one oversized boiler at poor part load. Four boilers carry about eight presses with "
"one in reserve; four 250 kW chillers carry the five-press fleet with the fourth in reserve, and "
"pads for the next chiller frame up (about 350 kW, estimate) are a priced option in the chiller "
"RFQ. The central hydraulic plant around the Newbilt aggregates (standby pump set, accumulator "
"station, ring main) is not costed yet; a Thai hydraulic power unit builder quotes it."),
T(["Measure", "What it does", "Effect"], [
["1. Flue-gas economizer (fired boilers)", "Recovers stack heat into the boiler feedwater; the "
"first measure to investigate on the biomass bank (an electric boiler has no flue gas)",
"Outlet and stack temperatures are vendor figures; rice-husk ash is abrasive, so the RFQ asks "
"for cleaning, wear protection and a bypass"],
["2. Condensate return", "As much clean, hot condensate back to the feed tank as possible",
"Less water, treatment and fuel. Steam and cooling water share the mould channels, so the "
"condensate is only as clean as the cooling loop: a conductivity sensor diverts off-spec "
"condensate"],
["3. Feedwater heat pump, if it pays", "Lifts the ~60 °C press return into feedwater at 90 to "
"95 °C, cutting the boiler's work and the chiller's load at once", "With condensate return, "
"roughly 10 to 15% of steam energy. With most condensate returned the remaining feed-tank load "
"is small, so it may not pay; the press return profile Newbilt is asked for decides"],
["Waste heat for low-grade loads", "The label dry oven and the air conditioning's "
"dehumidification reheat run on recovered press heat", "Displaces fresh electricity in two "
"continuous loads"],
["Steam accumulator", "Presses draw steam in bursts; an accumulator (a Newbilt option) lets the "
"boilers ride the peaks", "Steadier firing; whether a modular bank needs it is a re-quote "
"question"],
["Closed loop, air-cooled chillers", "The press returns drain open into a vented warm tank and "
"go back through a plate heat exchanger to the chillers; no open 'dirty water' loop as in the "
"reference schematic, and no cooling tower", "No process water discharged; the largest water "
"draw of the earlier water-cooled concept (tower "
"evaporation) is gone"],
["Regrind loop", "In-house grinder returns trimmings and rejects to the extruder at 20% of "
"the feed", "Scrap is feedstock, not landfill; ~20% less virgin compound"],
], widths_mm=[38, 66, 66], font_pt=8.5),
P("Three things were checked and ruled out. Heat pumps cannot make the final 10 bar / 180 °C steam "
"(commercial units top out around 120 to 165 °C, and core utility reliability is the wrong place "
"to pioneer). Ground-source heat exchange does not work in Thailand (the ground sits at 28 to "
"30 °C, too cold for process heat and warmer than the cooling loop wants). Solar-thermal "
"feedwater preheat only reaches the 60 to 90 °C the heat recovery already gives for free, "
"concentrating collectors need strong direct sun that northern haze does not give, and the roof "
"earns more as PV. The boiler only does the final lift, from already-hot feedwater."),
H3("The grid tariff, and what it decides"),
P("The plant is on PEA's time-of-use tariff 3.2.2 (medium general service at 22 kV; the flat rate "
"is closed to new customers), never a flat kWh price: a demand charge of 132.93 THB per kW of the "
"highest 15-minute demand in peak hours, 4.1839 THB/kWh in the peak window (09:00 to 22:00 on "
"weekdays) and 2.6037 THB/kWh off-peak, plus the Ft fuel adjustment (+0.1623 THB/kWh for "
"September to December 2026; it resets every four months) and reclaimable VAT. Two shifts put "
"about two thirds of process energy into peak hours: a blended ~3.81 THB/kWh before the demand "
"charge. For the five-press fleet the backbone is built for, on biomass steam with no electric "
"boiler on the grid, that is roughly 4.5M to 6.8M THB a year before solar, 0.7M to 1.1M of it "
"demand charge, on an 800 to 1,000 kVA connection; the launch plant's peak demand is ~264 kW, "
"against ~980 kW had its steam been electric (estimates). Three design consequences:"),
B([
"**Steam comes from biomass in both plans,** because biomass heat is far cheaper than "
"electric steam (below): an electric boiler's full-power draw would set the demand charge, and "
"the peak window covers 13 of the 16 production hours.",
"**The factory roof gets PV, not solar thermal.** Self-consumed PV is worth ~3.7 THB/kWh" + pick(
" of grid power displaced, less the PPA price the plant pays for it (below)", "") +
"; surplus earns nothing, because a factory on PEA's grid runs zero export (below); and PV "
"cannot lower the demand charge, because the peak window runs to 22:00, long after sunset.",
"**The battery is for ride-through, not peak shaving.** Charging off-peak and discharging at "
"peak earns ~70k THB a year for the 271 kWh stack, and it can hold demand down by only ~20 kW "
"(~30k THB a year; estimates). Its case is riding through grid dips and outages.",
]),
H3("Renewable energy"),
KV([
["PV on the factory roof", "~520 kWp (decided October 2026: PV on the factory only, the other "
"roofs PV-ready). In the Payap scenario model the calculator draws "
"the factory roof at ~523 kWp (901 modules of a generic 580 W "
"placeholder; no module chosen yet). ~730 to 780 MWh a year at "
"1,400 to 1,500 kWh/kWp, ~87% of it used on site (~633 MWh: two "
"shifts on 300 days, a ~60 kW base load off-shift and the "
"battery), about 61% of the launch plant's ~1,036 MWh a year of "
"electricity with biomass steam (estimates). " + pick(
"Taken through a solar PPA (below): the plant pays the PPA price for this power instead of "
"buying the array, so its saving is the gap between that price and the ~3.7 THB/kWh of "
"grid power it displaces",
"Saves ~2.3M to 2.5M THB a year at ~3.7 THB/kWh self-consumed and pays back in ~4.1 to 5.8 "
"years at 20 to 26 THB/W installed (estimates)")],
["Why ~520 kWp", "With biomass steam the running load is ~230 kW, with no electric boilers. An "
"hourly sketch (two shifts on 300 days, ~60 kW off-shift base load, the 271 kWh "
"battery, PEA's time-of-use tariff with Ft, 23,000 THB/kWp, 25 years at 8%) "
"puts the best array at ~500 to 550 kWp: the net present value peaks there, and "
"the kWp above ~550 lose money because more of their yield is curtailed. The "
"factory roof's ~520 kWp sits at that optimum (estimates)"],
["PV-ready: office roof and canopies", "The office roof (~65 kWp) and the car and scooter canopies "
"(~54 kWp: car ~42, scooter ~13) are built ready for panels: structure rated for them (~20 kg/m² "
"plus wind uplift), conduit and a cable route to the main board, and a spare way for a later "
"inverter. Panels go on when the load rises with the second Duplex system: ~120 kWp for ~2.4M "
"to 3.1M THB at 20 to 26 THB/W (estimate). The preparation is small (estimate) and sits in the "
"building and site works; the construction RFQ already specifies canopy steel carrying PV"],
["Zero export", "The ~13% the plant cannot use, mostly on Sundays and holidays, is curtailed, not "
"sold: a factory on PEA's grid runs zero export, with no payment for surplus and "
"a zero-export controller (reverse-power relay) as part of the interconnection "
"(CapSolar and Sahawatthanakit, 2026)"],
["On the Mueang Chi hall", "The factory roof of the 60 × 25 m hall of section 6.2 takes only "
"~247 kWp (425 modules on the 1,523 m² monopitch roof), about half "
"the optimum; its parking canopies are PV-ready too (~40 to 54 kWp). "
"More would need ground mount on the ~70 m of plot behind the "
"building (not covered by the rooftop exemption, so it may still "
"need a factory permit) or the phase 2 roof (~251 kWp)"],
["Battery", "271 kWh Gobel Power LiFePO4 rack (15 stacked 18 kWh packs, 8,000+ cycles), USD "
"39,900 to 58,000 listed (battery only; ~2.0M to 3.5M THB installed with enclosure, fire protection and "
"controls, estimate), 50 to 60 day lead. Roughly an hour of the chiller bank's "
"peak draw: ride-through, not off-grid autonomy"],
["Inverters", "Deye three-phase hybrid units (30 to 80 kW class), ~430 kVA in all (about nine 50 kW "
"units, estimate); "
"Thai distribution via Solar Nicolo; Deye is a supported protocol on the Gobel "
"battery management"],
["Roof design", "Monopitch at 10° falling toward ESE puts the whole roof on one plane at ~98% "
"of ideal yield; at this latitude orientation barely matters (under 2% across a "
"wide azimuth swing). 10° rather than shallower so the rains self-clean "
"burning-season dust"],
["Permits", "Since Ministerial Regulation No. 3 B.E. 2567 (in force 28 December 2024) rooftop "
"solar outside industrial estates is not a factory, so it needs no Ror.Ngor. 4 "
"licence at any size. At ~430 kVA of inverters, under the 1,000 kVA line of the "
"Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), an ERC exemption notification replaces a "
"generation licence. PEA approves the interconnection with zero-export control in 3 "
"to 6 months, filed in parallel with procurement (CapSolar, 2026); the roof load is "
"in the building permit. Inside an industrial estate IEAT rules apply on top"],
["Open checks", "Battery rack voltage against the chosen Deye model's window; Gobel safety "
"certifications (not published); EPC warranty on a mixed-vendor DC bus; yield "
"against PVGIS before committing" + pick("; the PPA offer itself, price and "
"terms", "")],
pick(["Solar PPA (this plan)", "An installer owns and finances the PV and the battery, and the "
"plant buys the power at a price still to quote. The PPA covers the ~520 kWp factory "
"roof; the calculator carries 3.0 THB/kWh (estimate) for the ~633 MWh used on site, ~1.9M "
"THB or ~0.06M USD a year on the energy line. That keeps the PV EPC (USD 315k to 410k, "
"10.4M to 13.5M THB at 20 to 26 THB/W) and the battery (USD 61k to 106k) out of the capital "
"round: ~14.7M THB less at the midpoint, one of the six levers in section 8. The launch "
"plant's power bill (~0.36M THB a month before solar with biomass steam: ~1,036 MWh at the "
"blended ~3.81 THB/kWh plus the demand charge, estimate) is well above the 100,000 THB a "
"month CapSolar asks of a PPA site; PPA discounts run 10 to 15 % off the tariff at MEAei "
"and 10 to 30 % at CapSolar, so the calculator's ~21 % is to be quoted. Leasing gives up no BOI benefit on the array: BOI stopped promoting solar "
"installations on 1 July 2025 (Announcement 3/2568, section 7.1). A PPA developer selling "
"the power can still be promoted (activity 7.1.2); whether that shows in the price is for "
"the negotiation (CapSolar, 2026). What the PPA costs against owning is the power bill "
"above and, if the PPA includes the battery, the battery's possible BOI eligibility as "
"storage (to confirm with the BOI consultant). The PPA offer is asked against the "
"specification above"],
["Owned (this plan)", "The plant buys the array and the battery: PV EPC USD 315k to 410k "
"(10.4M to 13.5M THB for ~520 kWp on the factory roof, 20 to 26 THB/W installed with "
"inverters at Thai 2026 market prices; the PV-ready canopy steel and conduit are in the "
"building and site works) and the battery, installed, USD 61k to 106k (2.0M to 3.5M THB): "
"~14.7M THB together at the midpoint, estimates, section 8. Owning them saves the power bill "
"a PPA would carry: at the calculator's 3.0 THB/kWh (estimate, to quote) for the ~633 MWh "
"used on site, ~1.9M THB or ~0.06M USD a year. A solar PPA (an installer owns and finances "
"them, the plant buys the power at a price still to quote) would take ~14.7M THB out of the "
"capital round at the midpoint at the cost of that bill. The array itself carries no BOI benefit: BOI "
"stopped promoting solar installations on 1 July 2025 (Announcement 3/2568, section "
"7.1); the owned battery may still qualify as storage (to confirm with the BOI "
"consultant)"]),
]),
H3("Steam: biomass in both plans"),
P("Both plans make their steam from biomass (decided October 2026): two 500 kg/h biomass modules "
"(B-1, B-2) or one ~1 t/h package, Getabec class, 6M to 10M THB installed with the fuel feed, "
"grate and dust control, plus a fuel store and handling block of 1.0M to 2.0M THB (a covered "
"store, a chip bay, ash bins and a compact loader; utilities CSV, estimates). The electric boiler "
"bank (4.5M to 7M THB from Thai suppliers, 2.8M to 5.5M through the Chinese route) is now the "
"alternative, not the plan. There is no natural gas pipeline in Northern Thailand, so gas would "
"mean a bulk LPG tank on site with hazardous-storage separation and licensing, and diesel a fuel "
"tank with price exposure. The two routes without a fossil tank, compared for the launch plant "
"at ~850k records a year (~1,403 t of steam, ~954 MWh of heat; estimates):"),
T(["", "Biomass boiler bank (~80%): the plan", "Electric boiler bank (~98%): the alternative"], [
["Price of heat", "~0.5 to 0.9 THB/kWh at 1.35 to 2 THB/kg delivered (reported market prices, "
"October 2026; no supplier quote yet), ~0.7 planned", "~3.9 THB/kWh, plus the demand charge"],
["Running cost, launch plant", "~0.67M THB a year of fuel at ~0.7 THB/kWh: about 300 t of "
"air-dry wood or ~460 t of fresh chips, plus handling and ash", "~4.9M THB a year: ~973 MWh at "
"the blended ~3.81 THB/kWh plus the demand charge on 2 × 360 kW of boilers"],
["Boiler package, 2 × 500 kg/h", "~6M to 10M THB installed, plus 1.0M to 2.0M for the fuel "
"store and handling", "4.5M to 7M THB from Thai suppliers, ~2.8M to 5.5M through the Chinese "
"route"],
["Grid", "Launch plant peak demand ~264 kW; 800 to 1,000 kVA for the five-press backbone",
"~980 kW at launch; the five presses ~950 to 1,330 kW, PEA Schedule 4, 1,250 to 1,600 kVA"],
["Also", "Fuel contracts and a monsoon stock, ash handling, a 14 m flue stack with a dust "
"collector, more maintenance, a certified boiler attendant, emission limits in the permit",
"Cleanest permitting, no fuel logistics, no stack"],
], widths_mm=[32, 70, 68], font_pt=8.5),
P("**Reading it.** The electric boiler is the more efficient machine; biomass is by far the cheaper "
"heat. At launch biomass saves **~4.2M THB (~0.13M USD) a year** against electric steam, so it "
"repays its higher price and the fuel store (~3.8M to 5.4M THB more at the midpoints than a Thai "
"or a Chinese electric bank) in about a year (estimates). Without electric boilers the plant's "
"demand stays at ~264 kW instead of ~980 kW, which also means a smaller transformer and PEA "
"deposit (not re-priced; an upside). The earlier staged path (start electric, add biomass later) "
"is dropped: each year on electric steam would cost about that ~4.2M THB more. The site still "
"matters: next to the pharmaceutical facility on Payap land a biomass stack is a hard sell, so "
"the GMP-neighbour check (section 6.1) asks about it before any design work, and the electric "
"bank is the fall-back there."),
P("**What biomass brings with it.** Fuel contracts and a dry stock for the monsoon: the 42 m² store "
"drawn in the utility yard holds ~6 to 7 weeks of fresh chips, and a 3-month monsoon stock needs "
"~80 m² (estimates). Ash to handle and dispose of. The 14 m flue stack and the dust collector, "
"already drawn in the utility yard. More maintenance than an electric bank, and a certified boiler "
"attendant from the maintenance team as the licensed boiler controller (section 7.2). Boiler "
"registration and the air-emission limits for a solid-fuel boiler in the permit work (to confirm, "
"section 7.2). And a visible point source in Chiang Mai's burning season (February to April): dust "
"control matters for the story as much as for the permit, and buying farm residues that would "
"otherwise be burned in the fields is the other half of that story."),
P("**Fuel.** The launch plant burns about 300 t of air-dry wood or ~460 t of fresh chips a year at "
"~850k records; the five-press fleet at about 1.0 million records would burn 350 to 400 t air-dry "
"(~540 to 620 t as fresh chips; estimates). Lamphun alone produces more than 900,000 t of farm "
"residues a year (Maejo University), so supply is not the constraint; price is. Reported prices "
"follow diesel, so the fuel contract gets a diesel clause and sources within ~50 km. The local "
"price-setter is Ratch Pathana's biomass buying centre at Pa Sak, Mueang Lamphun, which feeds a "
"9.6 MW cogeneration plant and competes for the same fuel. The team's own 60 rai of "
"forestry-classified land could supply 80 to 135 t a year as short-rotation coppice, an upside "
"once its title is checked; at market prices that is worth only ~0.1M to 0.25M THB a year, so its "
"value is supply security and the story ('records pressed with steam from our own trees'), not "
"the fuel bill. Next step: written quotes from Pa Sak and two or three chip suppliers, priced by "
"moisture, before the boiler order."),
P("**Where the boilers come from.** Both plans price the biomass modules from a Thai maker with "
"Thai fabrication and service (Getabec class, 6M to 10M THB installed; utilities CSV, estimate). "
"Chinese makers build biomass boilers too (ZOZEN DZL, Sitong DZL and SZL, Taiguo, Yongxing), but "
"none is priced yet: the Chinese route checked so far priced only electric boilers. " + pick(
"That makes a Chinese biomass quote a decision point for this plan: one ~2M THB or more below "
"the Thai package would bring Plan A back under 180M THB at the midpoint. What this plan takes "
"through the Chinese route is the compressor, a Chinese brand bought through its Thai office "
"(Kaishan and Denair have one) so service stays local, ~0.25M THB less at the midpoint "
"(estimate from listings, not a quote). ",
"A Chinese biomass quote is a step if quotes land high, and so is a Chinese compressor brand "
"bought through its Thai office (Kaishan and Denair have one), ~0.25M THB less at the midpoint "
"(estimate from listings, not a quote); this plan buys the compressor from a Thai supplier. ") +
"Any module, Thai or imported, is specified as a 1.25 MPa design to ASME Section I with the S "
"stamp (most Chinese packaged electric units are rated 0.4 to 0.8 MPa and cannot deliver 10 bar). "
"An imported boiler must meet TIS, ASME, JIS, EN or an equivalent standard and be verified by a "
"certification body registered with the Department of Industrial Works (DIW), engaged before the "
"order (section 7). No mainland maker has a verified Thai service partner, so for an imported "
"boiler a Thai boiler contractor and the certification body would be the service layer. Chillers "
"and air conditioning, the larger blocks, have not been checked for a Chinese route yet."),
H3("Water"),
P("Water arriving is still open: no source is confirmed for the candidate site (PWA mains, a "
"licensed deep well, or both), and a water analysis comes before the boiler and chiller RFQs "
"because it decides softener or RO. The earlier demand estimate of ~15 m³ a day (~20 with "
"margin) was over half cooling-tower evaporation and blowdown; the air-cooled chiller bank has "
"no tower, so that figure is now on the safe side until the water balance is redone with the "
"site. Storage is a dedicated ~200 m³ fire reserve plus a ~50 m³ raw-water tank. **No process "
"water is discharged:** cooling is a closed loop, condensate is returned, galvanics rinse water "
"goes through a zero-discharge evaporator with metal recovery and the DI water plant (USD 97k to "
"258k, in the launch investment) in a water-treatment building of its own next to galvanics, "
"the stamper back-finisher's spent water and filters take the same route, the workshop has no "
"floor drain, and solvents leave as controlled waste. This is a fixed design requirement, not an "
"aspiration to be traded away during engineering."),
H3("Climate control as a product"),
P("The whole plant runs under continuous control: 20 to 26 °C, 35 to 60% relative humidity, and "
"particulate filtration (F7 to F9 general, HEPA with positive pressure in the cutting room and "
"galvanics clean room), with sensors logging in every zone. Moisture in PVC compound causes "
"bubbles, non-fill and surface defects and drives cooling rate, hence flatness and warp; airborne "
"particulate embeds in the record surface and is the classic source of clicks and pops. Northern "
"Thailand's burning season (February to April) brings some of the world's worst PM2.5 episodes, "
"so a plant without filtration would press different records in March than in September. This "
"is the plant's largest utility line (THB 7.5M to 15M for ~1,500 m², plus THB 1.2M to 3.4M for "
"the two clean zones, estimates) and it is treated as part of the product, not as overhead. The "
"35% humidity floor is aggressive for the tropics and drives desiccant cost; if 45% proves "
"acceptable the cost drops materially, and that question is on the RFQ list."),
CALL("Efficiency in one paragraph, for the investor", "Steam and cooling are built once as a "
"backbone and filled with identical modules as presses arrive; heat is recovered from the "
"flue gas, the condensate and the press returns before more is generated; steam comes from "
"biomass in both plans, at about a seventh of what electric steam would cost (~0.67M against "
"~4.9M THB a year at launch, estimate); the factory roof carries PV" +
pick(" through a solar PPA", "") + " (~520 kWp, ~61% of the launch plant's electricity, "
"estimate), with the office roof and the canopies ready for more panels and a battery for "
"ride-through; no process water is discharged; and a fifth of the plastic is reclaimed. The "
"same choices push the energy line "
"toward its low end and hedge Thai tariff rises; the heat recovery and automation can count "
"toward BOI's Smart and Sustainable Industry measure" + pick(
"", " and the owned battery may qualify as storage") + " (section 7.1; BOI no longer "
"promotes solar installations). They "
"also make the plant's sustainability story true rather than claimed, which matters to the "
"labels it sells to."),
H2("5.5 The software: plant overview, factory console and artist platform"),
P("Three pieces of software carry the traceability and the customer promise of this plan into daily "
"work. All three exist today as working demos on the project's test site, run on simulated data: "
"orders, customers, IDs and measurements are invented, while the stages, checks, cycle times and "
"shifts follow the plan. They show investors, vendors and future staff what is being built. The "
"production versions are the development project of section 5.1 (software block USD 115k to 310k, "
"estimate), built on ERPNext as the plant's only system of record."),
H3("Plant overview (SCADA)"),
P("One screen for the whole plant: the metal path from audio intake through mastering, lathe cutting, "
"the Pheenix Alpha galvanics line and Sibert stamper prep to the stamper rack; the press hall with "
"its presses, extruders, material lab and compound silos; inspection, packaging and fulfilment; and "
"underneath them the utilities (steam, process cooling, compressed air, hydraulics, water treatment, "
"energy and PV, HVAC). The demo animates the launch plant at real cycle times, from real time up "
"to 3600× (a day in 24 seconds); every station opens with its figures and the source of each, and "
"the three artist gates show how many titles wait at each. In the plant the same screen is fed "
"from the machine-data store instead of the simulation: the presses over OPC UA, boilers, chillers "
"and compressor over Modbus (the data clause in every equipment RFQ). Alarms go to the shift's "
"phones and keep working with the internet down."),
IMG("renders/demos/scada.png", 170,
"Figure 2. Plant overview (simulated SCADA) of the launch plant, running at 60×: header with shift, "
"presses running, cycles an hour, good records and rejects, metal in work, steam pressure, plant "
"load and solar; metal path on top, press hall and finishing in the middle, utilities below. "
"Demo (docs/plant-operation.html), simulated values."),
H3("Back office: the factory console on ERPNext"),
P("The factory application (working name cnx-factory) is the plant's working interface. It shows the "
"press floor with live counters per press, stamper life and the optical result of every record; "
"work orders per station in kiosk form (badge in, scan what the step asks for, confirm); the "
"material lab gate with lots on hold; stamper metrology and the lacquer, father, mother and stamper "
"genealogy; the hash-chained event log; and the customer portal of the same orders. It keeps no "
"business records of its own: orders, job cards, batches, inspections, metal parts, deliveries and "
"invoices are posted to ERPNext through an outbox, so no press waits for the ERP, and the office "
"works in ERPNext's own desk for purchasing, accounts, stock and planning."),
IMG("renders/demos/factory-floor.png", 165,
"Figure 3. Factory console, press floor: good and rejected records today, presses running, orders "
"in production and waiting at an artist gate, compound on hold; one card per press with its order, "
"progress, stamper set and play count, cycle time and steam temperature; the optical inspection "
"stream keyed by stamper, press and cycle time; what needs attention. Demo "
"(docs/factory-console.html), simulated orders and values; the demo runs one Duplex system and "
"one Classic."),
IMG("renders/demos/factory-erp.png", 165,
"Figure 4. The ERPNext link: every posting the floor makes (job cards, serial numbers of lacquers, "
"fathers, mothers and stampers, quality inspections, artist gates, downtime entries, purchase "
"receipts), its document name in ERPNext and its outbox status. Demo, simulated documents."),
H3("Artist platform: order, fund and follow a record"),
P("The artist platform is the plant's front door for every customer. The customer configures the "
"record against a to-scale mock-up; uploads music and artwork, which are checked in the browser "
"and never uploaded in the demo (format, sample rate and bit depth, clipping, side length; artwork "
"size, spine, bleed, resolution and colour against downloadable templates); approves the master "
"plan, the first of the three artist gates; and receives an itemised offer with its lead time. In "
"the demo's example a 12-inch black LP with a printed jacket costs 37,836 THB once per title and "
"343 THB a copy all in at 300 copies (indicative prices, estimates)."),
IMG("renders/demos/artist-offer.png", 160,
"Figure 5. Artist ordering: the itemised offer, per title (mastering, lacquers, cutting, "
"electroforming with the father and mother kept for represses, press setup, test pressings) and "
"per copy (pressing, sleeve, assembly, printed jacket, shrink wrap), with the mock-up and the "
"lead time. Demo (docs/artist-order.html), price list demo-0.1, indicative."),
P("The artist then orders directly or runs a fan-funded campaign: fans pre-order at the artist's price "
"into a ring-fenced account, the plant presses from 100 copies, and if the goal is missed every fan "
"is refunded. At a fan price of 1,200 THB the artist needs 100 fans, breaks even at 41 and keeps "
"~548 THB a copy at the goal. After delivery each copy has a record passport, reached from the code "
"on its sleeve: the traceability record of that one copy, from the approved master through lacquer, "
"father, mother and stamper to the press cycle and the packing scan. Campaigns go live only after "
"the first paying releases have shipped and lead times are measured. The public side is costed at "
"USD 40k to 90k within the software block (estimate). The platform's name is undecided."),
IMG("renders/demos/fan-funding.png", 160,
"Figure 6. Fan funding in the investor demo of the platform: the artist sets the fan price and "
"the deadline; the fans needed follow from the 100-copy minimum and the break-even, with what the "
"artist keeps. Demo (docs/make-a-record.html), indicative prices."),
IMG("renders/demos/record-passport.png", 160,
"Figure 7. Record passport of one copy: the record key (stamper, press, cycle time, side) and the "
"chain from master to shipment, with the repress path from the archived father and mother. IDs "
"and times are simulated."),
H2("5.6 Open source throughout, and a service for other plants"),
P("**Everything the plant runs and everything the project builds is open source,** with a short "
"list of exceptions named below. Every server is a NixOS machine declared in one repository, "
"B4L's fleet repository built on clan-core; the fleet it declares already runs B4L's DNS, mail, "
"monitoring, backups, a public reverse proxy and the first site gateway. The plant adds a gateway, a core "
"server, a backup server, edge collectors and station kiosks to the same inventory. Any machine "
"is rebuilt from the repository, and a second plant is one more inventory entry. ERPNext is the "
"only system of record (section 5.1), self-hosted on NixOS through the community packaging "
"frappe-nix."),
T(["Component", "What it does", "Licence"], [
["NixOS (nixpkgs), clan-core", "Every server, declared and deployed from one repository",
"MIT"],
["ERPNext on the Frappe framework", "The only system of record: orders, gates, stock, job "
"cards, metal genealogy, inspections, accounts", "GPLv3 (ERPNext), MIT (Frappe); no licence "
"or per-seat fee"],
["PostgreSQL, VictoriaMetrics, Telegraf, Mosquitto (MQTT)", "Machine-data store, time series, "
"collection and messaging from presses, utilities and instruments", "PostgreSQL licence, "
"Apache-2.0, MIT, EPL-2.0"],
["Grafana, Caddy, BorgBackup", "Dashboards and alerts, the web proxy, encrypted backups",
"AGPLv3, Apache-2.0, BSD"],
["cnx-factory (ours)", "Kiosks, press floor, QC, genealogy, customer portal; Rust (axum, SQLx, "
"minijinja, HTMX), packaged as a Nix flake", "To be published"],
["Plant overview, artist platform (name undecided), plant and business plan calculator (ours)",
"The software of section 5.5", "To be published"],
["FreeCAD, LibreOffice", "The plant model; this business plan's build", "LGPL, MPL-2.0"],
], widths_mm=[52, 82, 36], font_pt=8.5,
caption="Licences as published by each project, checked October 2026. Firmware inside the "
"machines is not in the table (below)."),
B([
"**Our own code is published as open source.** The licence is still to decide: AGPL-3.0 keeps "
"hosted copies open as well; Apache-2.0 or MIT is the easiest for other plants to adopt.",
"**What is not open, said plainly:** the firmware and HMIs inside the machines and instruments "
"(Newbilt's Siemens PLC, Pheenix's Beckhoff PLC, Keyence and the vision controllers), the "
"inverter and battery firmware, the vendors' OPC UA licences, and the access-point controller "
"in the fleet's router module. They are treated as appliances: they export data into the NixOS "
"estate under the data clause of every equipment RFQ (section 5.1) and host none of our "
"services.",
"**What it gives the business:** no licence fees (ERPNext charges no fee per seat, so a new "
"kiosk or office user costs nothing in licences); no lock-in to a software vendor; every "
"machine reproducible from the repository; and a record customers can audit, because the "
"hash-chained event log and the code that writes it can both be inspected.",
]),
P("**Later: a service for other pressing plants.** Once the plant has run the stack in production "
"for at least a year, the project can work with other pressing plants worldwide in three ways: "
"an open vinyl plant stack (the NixOS modules, an ERPNext app for pressing with stampers, test "
"pressings and genealogy, and press adapters for Newbilt and Pheenix machines over OPC UA, S7 "
"and ADS); services (factory automation and data acquisition integration and commissioning at "
"other plants, remote monitoring and support, hosting of ERPNext and the factory application, "
"training); and shared development, with each plant contributing the adapters for its own "
"machines. **None of this is in the plan's revenue:** like stamper supply to other plants, it is "
"an upside with no price or volume yet, and it starts only after the plant has proved the stack "
"on its own floor."),
# -------------------------------------------- 6 site and building
H1("6. Site and building"),
H2("6.1 Land: a long lease, three candidates"),
P("The site strategy is a **long-term lease of raw land**, on which the purpose-built plant is "
"constructed. Compared with buying 6 to 8 rai this keeps ~12M to 32M THB (~0.36M to 0.97M USD, "
"at the 2 to 4 million THB per rai the plan carried for a purchase) out of the capital round, "
"removes land from the balance sheet, and matches how most foreign-invested manufacturing in "
"Thailand holds its site. Three candidates are on file; nothing is signed."),
T(["", "Mueang Chi, Lamphun", "Northern Region Industrial Estate, Lamphun",
"Payap University land, Chiang Mai"], [
["Status", "Working candidate: the massing model, PV roof study and construction RFQ are sited "
"here", "Fallback", "New lead (October 2026): the university is interested in "
"leasing land to us. The point it gave fails zoning; its other "
"land is not checked yet"],
["Plot", "5-0-66.5 rai on the deed, narrow and skewed", "Leased estate plots", "Not known yet: "
"boundary, size and title to come"],
["To Chiang Mai old city", "~35 km", "Lamphun valley", "~5 km, on the Chiang Mai to Lampang "
"superhighway"],
["Zoning", "Unverified (agricultural land): the first check", "Industrial estate; licensing "
"through the estate", "At the point given: zone ย.7-1, very high density residential; record "
"pressing not permitted (Chiang Mai city plan in force from 25 May 2026)"],
["Galvanics effluent", "Ours to permit; zero discharge", "Shared central effluent treatment",
"Lessor's written consent on top of the permit"],
["Neighbours", "Agricultural", "Industrial", "A pharmaceutical facility under construction on "
"the same land"],
], widths_mm=[28, 44, 44, 54], font_pt=8.5),
P("**Galvanics now raises the bar for every site.** With the electroplating line in the plan, a "
"plot has to permit record pressing with a biomass-fired steam boiler **and** electroplating "
"from day "
"one, not in a later phase. That favours the industrial estate (licensing through the estate, "
"shared effluent treatment) and makes zoning the first check everywhere else."),
P("**Payap University** approached the project and is interested in leasing land next to a "
"pharmaceutical facility under construction. The point it gave was checked on the land-use map "
"of the Department of Public Works and Town and Country Planning on 14 October 2026: zone ย.7-1, "
"very high density residential, where factory type 107 (whose definition names gramophone "
"records) is not permitted and type 72 is allowed only for repair, so a record plant cannot get "
"a factory licence there. The same city plan permits type 107 in its low density residential "
"and rural and agricultural zones, so Payap's other land is worth checking before the lead is "
"dropped (the map data is preliminary; the provincial town planning office confirms). On 20 October "
"2026 Payap said the land can be rezoned, so the lead stays open: a rezoning is an amendment of the "
"city plan under section 35 of the Town Planning Act B.E. 2562, started by the Department of Public "
"Works and Town and Country Planning, approved by the Town Planning Commission, posted 30 days for "
"objections and issued as a new Ministry of Interior notification after Cabinet approval; the "
"department's own work plan schedules ~16 months without objections and ~19 with. Building permit "
"and factory licence wait for it, so a rezoned Payap plot moves first production by roughly a year "
"unless the request starts now (estimate); a written answer from the provincial office is the "
"next step. Why it is "
"worth the checks: it is ~5 km from the old city, 25 to 30 km nearer the team, customers and the "
"airport than Mueang Chi, which helps tours, the artist platform and hiring; and Payap is a "
"partner, not only a landlord: it wants joint student programmes with us in mastering, lathe "
"cutting, IT and business administration, and its Faculty of Pharmacy has analytical labs that "
"could back the PVC lab. Any Payap plot is checked in this order, before any design work:"),
N([
"**Zoning:** the plot's zone in the Chiang Mai city plan allows a record-pressing factory with a "
"biomass-fired steam boiler and electroplating (the neighbour's pharmaceutical permit proves "
"little).",
"**Lease-ability:** Chanote title, university council approval, and whether campus land of a "
"private university can be leased commercially; with Thai counsel, together with the lease "
"terms below.",
"**The GMP neighbour:** a pharmaceutical plant is sensitive to the biomass boiler's stack, galvanics "
"extraction, extrusion fumes, noise and trucks; emission and buffer rules go into the lease, "
"not after the first complaint.",
"**Flooding:** Payap describes the land as low-lying when bought; check the plot against the "
"2024 flood extents.",
"**Plot fit:** the building, the detached utility yard and a second building need 6 to 8 rai; "
"the Payap scenario model draws a 150 m square (14.1 rai) with room for the full press hall.",
"**Galvanics on a campus:** the lessor's written consent; zero discharge becomes a lease "
"condition, not only a commitment.",
]),
P("Nothing is re-sited until a Payap plot passes zoning (as the plan stands or once a rezoning is "
"gazetted) and lease-ability: the model, the PV study, "
"the RFQ and the plant's network site code stay on Mueang Chi. The lease itself must meet these "
"conditions, which Thai counsel resolves before signature:"),
B([
"**Term and registration.** A lease over three years must be registered at the Land Office to "
"be enforceable; the ordinary maximum is 30 years, and for industrial and commercial use the "
"Hire of Immovable Property for Commerce and Industry Act allows up to 50 years for qualifying "
"projects. The plan assumes a registered 30-year lease with a contractual renewal option, and "
"will test the 50-year route with counsel.",
"**Building ownership.** The lease states that the buildings, foundations, tanks and fixed "
"plant belong to the company for the term, what happens to them at expiry, and that the company "
"may mortgage or assign them. Without this, financing the building is difficult.",
"**Lessor's title and encumbrances.** A clean Chanote title, no mortgage that could foreclose "
"over the tenant, consent from any co-owners. A lease of Sor Por Kor or forestry-classified land "
"is not acceptable.",
"**BOI.** BOI's land-ownership privilege for foreign-held promoted companies is simply not "
"used; leasing does not affect the promotion.",
"**Rent.** Not negotiated. The plan carries THB 0.3M to 1.0M a year (USD 9k to 30k) as an "
"estimate for 5 to 8 rai of agricultural land in the Lamphun valley, with the lease deposit and "
"first-year rent in the working-capital block; IEAT plots run higher, and Payap has named no "
"figure.",
]),
P("Land requirements: ~4 rai minimum, 6 to 8 rai comfortable with expansion; truck access and "
"turning, parking, the detached utility yard with truck access for biomass deliveries, a "
"separated battery enclosure, and a medium-voltage connection from PEA (800 to 1,000 kVA for the "
"five-press backbone on biomass steam; electric steam would need 1,250 to 1,600 kVA)."),
H2("6.2 The building"),
P("The main building is a single-storey steel portal frame (pre-engineered) of **60 × 25 m "
"(1,500 m²)**, designed from day one for an overhead crane, with a 10° monopitch roof carrying the "
"PV array, low eave 7.0 m, high side ~11.4 m. The floor is a 200 mm slab rated 30 kN/m² (3 t/m², "
"the standard industrial class the presses and racking need) raised 1.2 m above ground, so that "
"two sealed loading docks work at trailer height and the docked trailer acts as the airlock. The "
"envelope is insulated PIR sandwich panel (100 mm roof, 75 mm walls) on a 2.5 m masonry dado, "
"taped and gasketed, because the building is air-conditioned and must be airtight against "
"smoke-season particulate; mineral-wool panels where fire compartmentation (EI 60 or 120) or "
"acoustics require them."),
T(["Zone", "Area"], [
["Semi-automatic press hall (Newbilt Duplex specification)", "~200 m²"],
["Automatic press zone", "~100 to 150 m²"],
["Galvanics clean room, water treatment, chemical storage", "~80 to 150 m²"],
["Mastering and cutting room", "~40 to 60 m²"],
["Stamper preparation", "~30 m²"],
["Packaging and finished-goods warehouse", "~300 to 500 m²"],
["Utility rooms (boiler, compressor, chiller, electrical)", "~100 to 150 m²"],
["Offices, QC and listening room, archive, IT, entrance", "~150 to 200 m²"],
["Maintenance workshop and machine bay (" + pick("crane-ready", "crane-served") + ")",
"~100 to 150 m²"],
[pick("Visitor corridor (glazed, ground level; built later, its strip kept free)",
"Visitor corridor (glazed, ground level)"), "~110 to 130 m²"],
["Circulation, walls, miscellaneous", "~150 to 250 m²"],
["**Total under roof**", "**~1,400 to 2,000 m²**, against 1,500 m² built"],
], widths_mm=[110, 60],
caption="Estimates. The boiler and chillers have since moved to the detached utility yard, which "
"frees floor the workshop and corridor take; water treatment is proposed in its own "
"building next to galvanics; cassette and CD-R duplication (~40 to 80 m² and ~20 to "
"40 m²" + pick(", a later step in this plan", "") + ") are not in the table yet. "
"At the lower half of the table everything fits in "
"1,500 m²; at the upper half, finished goods move to a second building."),
P("Figures 8 to 10 show the plant as the plant and business plan calculator draws it for " + label() +
". The calculator draws the Payap scenario model (section 6.1): a 128 × 25 m production floor in "
"process order along the glazed visitor corridor, a two-storey office, the detached utility yard "
"and a press hall of ~870 m² laid out for five Duplex bays and four Classic positions, on a "
"150 × 150 m placeholder plot. The building described above and the zone table are the 60 × 25 m "
"hall for Mueang Chi; which layout is built is decided once a plot passes zoning and lease-ability. " +
"The views look at the front of the site: the road, the car park, the office and the "
"visitor-corridor facade are in the foreground. " +
"The calculator itself is interactive: rotate, zoom, switch floors and tap any object for its "
"figures and their source."),
IMG(pick("renders/calculator/plan-a-iso-roof.png", "renders/calculator/plan-b-iso-roof.png"), 170,
"Figure 8. The site from above, " + label() + " preset of the plant and business plan calculator: "
"PV on the factory roof, ~520 kWp" + pick(", supplied through the solar PPA (the battery is drawn "
"too; whether a PPA offer includes it is open)",
", owned with the battery") +
", with the office roof and the car and scooter canopies PV-ready and without panels; the "
"utility yard (biomass boiler hall and chiller compound built for four modules each, the "
"biomass fuel store, the flue stack and dust collector, pump and heat-exchanger room, "
"transformer, water treatment, PVC silos) and the phase 2 reserve. Schematic render of the "
"Payap scenario model (docs/fleet-calculator.html); positions and envelopes are estimates."),
IMG(pick("renders/calculator/plan-a-iso-gf.png", "renders/calculator/plan-b-iso-gf.png"), 170,
"Figure 9. Ground floor with the roofs cut away, " + label() + " preset: from the west end the "
"staff entry, workshop, galvanics (PASU, PPPU, PDPU, PMPB), Sibert stamper prep, metrology" +
pick(" (launch tier)", "") + ", PVC lab and colour store, then the press hall, optical inspection, "
"finishing and packaging, the warehouse and dispatch; the office with reception, lathe and cutting "
"room, listening room and archive. " + pick(
"The frame is crane-ready with the crane rented; the visitor corridor, cassette and CD-R come "
"later. ",
"With the 5 t crane, the visitor corridor and the cassette and CD-R rooms. ") +
"Schematic, estimates."),
IMG(pick("renders/calculator/plan-a-iso-hall.png", "renders/calculator/plan-b-iso-hall.png"), 170,
"Figure 10. The press hall close up, " + label() + " preset: " + pick(
"Duplex system 1 (two HRP 12 presses with their extruders) and the Classic; the dashed "
"outlines are the free Duplex bays and Classic positions for growth. In the yard, biomass "
"boiler modules B-1 and B-2 with the fuel store, flue stack and dust collector, and chillers "
"CH-1 and CH-2, with B-3, B-4, CH-3 and CH-4 free",
"Duplex system 1 (two HRP 12 presses with their extruders) and the Classic, in a hall laid "
"out for five Duplex bays and four Classic positions; the dashed outlines are the free bays "
"and positions for growth. In the yard, biomass boiler modules B-1 and B-2 with the fuel "
"store, flue stack and dust collector, and chillers CH-1 and CH-2, with B-3, B-4, CH-3 and "
"CH-4 free; the 5 t crane over the hall, the visitor corridor "
"and the cassette and CD-R rooms are in place") +
". Schematic, estimates."),
H3("Crane, workshop and visitor corridor"),
B(pick([
"**A crane-ready frame, with the crane rented at first.** The frame, the runway and the machine "
"door are built for a 5 t overhead crane (single-girder, ~24 m span, inverter drives, radio "
"remote) over the whole production compartment, roughly 40 to 48 m of the 60 m, stopping at "
"the fire wall to the finished-goods warehouse. For the installations a mobile crane is hired, "
"and the crane itself is bought later if machine moves and maintenance lifts make it worth it. "
"The building is shaped for it from the start: a frame designed for crane loads, no "
"full-height cross walls in the crane zone (rooms there are lidded boxes, with removable "
"hatches where heavy kit goes in), and the cutting room kept outside it, away from the frame's "
"vibration. 5 t covers the heaviest known lift (a Newbilt HRP 12 press, 1,350 kg) with margin "
"until Newbilt states the Classic's weight; 3.2 t is the alternative price.",
"**A machine door** of ~4.5 × 5.0 m at the ramp end, opened a few times a year. Until a crane "
"is bought, the hired crane sets each machine on skates at the door threshold; with the crane, "
"a truck reverses up the ramp into the machine bay and the crane lifts the machine off the bed "
"inside.",
"**A maintenance workshop** of ~100 to 150 m² beside it, where a bought crane would park: a "
"service bay for one press-sized machine, benches, a hydraulic hose crimper, a spares store "
"tracked in ERPNext, and a hot-work corner, held at negative pressure so its dust never "
"reaches the presses. Newbilt service comes from Germany and Pheenix from Sweden; spares on "
"the shelf are the uptime lever.",
"**A glazed visitor corridor, built later.** The plan runs without public tours at first, but "
"the route is designed in: the strip along the car-park wall stays free and the stations "
"follow the process order, from the cutting-room window to packaging. Built, it is ~45 to 55 m "
"long and ~2.4 m clear, with its own filtered air at slight positive pressure and acoustic "
"glazing that brings the 80 to 90 dB(A) near the presses down to roughly 40 to 50 dB(A) "
"(estimates), so a guide talks without a headset and visitors need no PPE; a 1:12 accessible "
"ramp serves the entrance. Until it is built there are no public tours, and the tour route and "
"the Payap programmes start later.",
], [
"**A 5 t overhead crane** (single-girder, ~24 m span, inverter drives, radio remote) runs over "
"the whole production compartment, roughly 40 to 48 m of the 60 m, and stops at the fire wall "
"to the finished-goods warehouse. Machines are moved in, out and around without hiring a mobile "
"crane. It shapes the building: a frame designed for crane loads, no full-height cross walls in "
"the crane zone (rooms there are lidded boxes, with removable hatches where heavy kit goes in), "
"and the cutting room kept outside it, away from the frame's vibration. 5 t covers the heaviest "
"known lift (a Newbilt HRP 12 press, 1,350 kg) with margin until Newbilt states the Classic's "
"weight; 3.2 t is the alternative price.",
"**A machine door** of ~4.5 × 5.0 m at the ramp end, opened a few times a year: a truck reverses "
"up the ramp into the machine bay and the crane lifts the machine off the bed inside.",
"**A maintenance workshop** of ~100 to 150 m² beside it, where the crane parks: a service bay "
"for one press-sized machine, benches, a hydraulic hose crimper, a spares store tracked in "
"ERPNext, and a hot-work corner, held at negative pressure so its dust never reaches the "
"presses. Newbilt service comes from Germany and Pheenix from Sweden; spares on the shelf are "
"the uptime lever.",
"**A glazed visitor corridor** at ground level along the car-park wall (~45 to 55 m, ~2.4 m "
"clear), with stations in process order from the cutting-room window to packaging. It has its "
"own filtered air at slight positive pressure and acoustic glazing that brings the 80 to 90 "
"dB(A) near the presses down to roughly 40 to 50 dB(A) (estimates), so a guide talks without a "
"headset and visitors need no PPE; a 1:12 accessible ramp serves the entrance. Tours for "
"artists, labels, investors and schools can run several times a day without stopping "
"production, and the tour route and the Payap programmes start with the plant.",
])),
H3("Utility yard and water-treatment building"),
T(["Detached utility yard (decided October 2026)", "Size (estimate)"], [
["Boiler hall, four 500 kg/h biomass module positions (B-1 and B-2 at launch)", "~162 m² (18 × 9 m), "
"6.0 m high"],
["Biomass fuel store (~6 to 7 weeks of fresh chips; ~80 m² would hold a 3-month monsoon "
"stock)", "42 m² drawn"],
["Chiller compound, open and screened, four pads (CH-1 and CH-2"
" at launch)", "~135 m² (12.5 × "
"10.8 m)"],
["Cooling pump and heat-exchanger room", "~40 m² (8 × 5 m)"],
["Flue stack, with the dust collector and fans along the boiler hall's back wall", "14 m"],
["**Yard in all**", "**~379 m²**, against 178 m² before the four-module decision"],
], widths_mm=[110, 60],
caption="The biomass bank of both plans sets the boiler hall (an electric bank would need about half). No "
"cooling tower: the chillers are air-cooled. The rooms are built once for four modules "
"and the plant goes in one module at a time; the yard sits outside the main building "
"because the boiler must have its own room and biomass deliveries need yard access."),
P("**Water treatment gets its own building** (proposed, October 2026): ~12 × 10 m directly behind "
"galvanics, holding the zero-discharge effluent treatment, the DI water plant and the chemical "
"store. A buried duct carries the effluent by gravity from the galvanics floor at +1.2 m and "
"brings DI water back, and a covered crossing joins the two doors; the galvanics room keeps only "
"a chemical day store."),
P("**The archive room** holds the father and mother of every side, about 1,200 to 2,400 parts a "
"year at full capacity, on mobile archive shelving (A-Z Solutions of Vienna as the reference "
"specification, LPI Rack Range in Thailand to quote against it). In the Payap scenario's office "
"a room of about 4 × 5.75 m with four mobile carriages holds ~150 shelf metres, roughly 50,000 "
"parts or 20 years and more of output (estimates). It asks things of the building early: ~11 "
"kN/m² under the shelving block, so the archive stays on the ground slab at the full rating; "
"rails set into the floor screed at fit-out; clean-agent gas suppression; a water-leak sensor "
"along the rails. One open point: with fathers and mothers in one room, one event takes both, so "
"keeping the rarely pulled fathers in a second fire compartment or off site is on the list."),
H3("Site works and the second building"),
P("On the Mueang Chi parcel the site works are a ~444 m perimeter wall, one 10 m sliding gate with "
"a guard house, 4,387 m² of paving in two classes (1,608 m² heavy-duty for trucks, 2,779 m² "
"general), roofed parking for 10 cars and 30 scooters under PV-ready canopies (steel for ~40 "
"kWp of panels in the construction RFQ; panels later), a ring foundation "
"for a 9 m fire-water tank with its pump house and one for a 5 m raw-water tank, a fire ring main "
"and hydrants, stormwater drainage and domestic sanitation. With the buildings, ~6,549 m² or 68% "
"of the modelled plot is sealed, so stormwater attenuation, quite possibly a detention pond, may "
"be a permit condition."),
P("**A second building is expansion, not a gap.** A 45 × 38 m (1,710 m²) phase 2 building fits the "
"plot's narrowing southern end with a two-bay sawtooth roof carrying ~251 kWp and a 20 m yard "
"between the two for fire separation and shared loading; coverage stays at 39% of the deed area. "
"It is where finished goods move to free production floor, where pressing capacity can double, "
"or where a CD replication line would go if that option is chosen (section 4.10). **The press "
"hall** is planned for Duplex systems, because the plant focuses on special pressings and "
"specials run only on the Duplex: five Duplex bays and four Classic positions (~73/27 by floor, "
"estimate). This plan installs one Duplex system and one Classic; growth adds Duplex systems "
"first, into bays whose floor, utility positions and ring-main tees are kept from the start. "
"Where the second Duplex system would stand on the Mueang Chi footprint is not drawn yet; "
"the Payap scenario model draws the five-press fleet."),
H3("What the construction RFQ asks"),
P("The budget-level construction RFQ, with quantities from the parametric model, asks contractors "
"for: the shell rate per m² at the insulated-panel specification (not a bare shed); heavy-duty "
"and general paving separately; a separate rate for mineral-wool panels at fire-compartment and "
"acoustic walls; the crane package separately (runway and frame premium, machine door, the crane, "
"and the hook height achieved under the 7.0 m eave, with +1.0 m on the eave as an option); the "
"utility yard with floors, pads and plinths for all four positions; a lump sum for the rest of "
"the site works; and the foundation assumption behind all of it. It excludes process machinery, "
"PV, air conditioning, boilers, chillers and tanks, sprinklers, fit-out and the PEA transformer, "
"and asks whether permit drawings for the building permit and the factory licence are included. "
"The PV-ready provisions (the canopy steel it already specifies, roof loads for panels, conduit to "
"the main board and a spare way for a later inverter) belong to the same works."),
H3("What the building costs, and what is not known"),
T(["Block", "USD", "THB", "Basis"], [
["Building ~1,500 m² plus civil and site works", "650k to 1,100k", "21.4M to 36.3M",
"estimate at 12,000 to 20,000 THB/m² for Thai pre-engineered steel to the insulated-panel "
"specification, plus ~20% site works"],
pick(["Crane-ready frame, runway and machine door; mobile crane rented for the installations",
"39k to 91k", "1.3M to 3.0M", "estimate: 40% of the crane block (USD 97k to 227k); the "
"crane is bought later if needed"],
["Overhead crane, runway, frame premium, machine door", "97k to 227k", "3.2M to 7.5M",
"estimate"]),
["Maintenance workshop and machine bay fit-out", "30k to 76k", "1.0M to 2.5M", "estimate; a "
"workshop lathe and CNC mill not priced"],
pick(["Visitor corridor and accessible entrance", "built later", "built later", "USD 67k to "
"148k (2.2M to 4.9M THB) when built, estimate; not in the plan price"],
["Visitor corridor and accessible entrance", "67k to 148k", "2.2M to 4.9M", "estimate; "
"building it later would take ~3.6M THB out at the midpoint"]),
["Utility yard for four boiler and four chiller modules", "73k to 122k", "2.4M to 4.0M",
"estimate at the building rate; the biomass fuel store and handling (1.0M to 2.0M THB) sit in "
"the utilities block"],
["Water-treatment building next to galvanics", "52k to 87k", "1.7M to 2.9M", "estimate at the "
"building rate"],
pick(["**Together**", "**~0.84M to 1.48M**", "**~28M to 49M**", "sum of the blocks; the plan "
"carries no contingency (section 8)"],
["**Together**", "**~0.97M to 1.76M**", "**~32M to 58M**", "sum of the blocks; the plan "
"carries no contingency (section 8)"]),
], widths_mm=[50, 26, 26, 68], font_pt=8.5),
P("The single largest unknown is the ground. The Mueang Chi parcel is likely soft former paddy, and "
"a piled slab can add several hundred to 1,000+ THB/m² across the building, 4,387 m² of paving "
"and a 1,711 m³ fill platform. A soil boring test (THB 30k to 50k, in the phase 0 budget) comes "
"before any real number, and the building RFQ with a soil test is one of the four requests that "
"settle the budget. Also open: the crane's hook height under the 7.0 m eave; the archive's "
"mobile shelving (to quote); the valved branches and feeders for the empty utility positions; "
"and the fire-water volume, which the hydraulic design and the warehouse racking height set. " +
pick("Renting a crane for the installations while the frame, runway and machine door stay "
"crane-ready takes ~3.2M THB out at the midpoint, one of the six levers; the 5 t crane itself "
"is USD 30k to 76k supplied and installed (estimate) when it is bought.",
"Renting a mobile crane for the installations while the frame, runway and machine door stay "
"crane-ready would take ~3.2M THB out at the midpoint (estimate): a step if quotes land "
"high, not part of the plan.")),
H2("6.3 Safety, security and the irreplaceable"),
P("Worker safety is a founding priority on equal footing with the environmental commitments. The "
"press floor combines hydraulics at ~180 bar, saturated steam at 10 bar / 180 °C and hot PVC; "
"the galvanics room handles silver nitrate, nickel salts and acids. The plan provides "
"vendor-led commissioning training extending into an in-house programme, mandatory PPE per area, "
"and galvanics as a clean room with controlled access, extraction on every plating unit, "
"decontamination procedures, eyewash and emergency shower at the line, and a hard-wired "
"interlock (no extraction, no plating). A machine is lifted only after lockout (power isolated, "
"steam vented, hydraulics depressurised including the accumulator) and with a lift plan; hot work "
"stays in the workshop under a permit; the biomass boilers run under a licensed boiler "
"controller, a certified attendant from the maintenance team (section 7.2)."),
P("Decided in October 2026: every member of staff, office included, gets group health insurance "
"(inpatient and outpatient) and a yearly check-up on top of social security, plus the "
"occupational checks Thai law requires for risk-factor work (press-floor heat and noise, "
"galvanics chemistry, maintenance) within 30 days of starting and yearly after. Everyone wears "
"the same company workwear (Strauss), with process PPE on top. Planning costs, estimates: ~15,000 "
"THB a head a year for insurance, ~2,500 for the check-up plus ~1,500 for risk-factor tests, and "
"workwear ~USD 9k a year at ~20 staff."),
P("Physical security is zoned: production, galvanics, chemical storage, the metal archive, IT, "
"shipping and " + pick("(once built) ", "") + "the visitor corridor each get badge or biometric "
"access with logs; CCTV at "
"entrances, perimeter, dock, production, chemicals and archive under a PDPA-compliant retention "
"policy. Two things are irreplaceable and get their own protection: **the metal archive** (a "
"destroyed father means recutting and re-plating a release; fire-rated room, climate control in "
"the tightest monitoring tier, access logging, clean-agent gas suppression because sprinkler "
"water would destroy paper records and corrode the metal) and **client audio** (pre-release "
"music is a leak target; an isolated, encrypted, access-logged vault, need-to-know access, and a "
"written policy the sales team can show labels)."),
P("Fire suppression is zoned, not full-building gas: clean agent only in small sealed high-value "
"rooms (archive, IT, switchrooms, control cabinets), water mist or sprinklers in production and "
"the carton-heavy warehouse, and detection and containment rather than suppression for the "
"battery enclosure. The site carries its own ~200 m³ fire reserve and pump set (electric duty, "
"diesel standby, jockey) because mains flow cannot be assumed; warehouse racking above about "
"3.7 m changes the sprinkler design and raises that volume, so the racking height is fixed "
"before the fire design. The property insurer is involved before the design is fixed."),
# ----------------------------------------------- 7 regulatory
H1("7. Regulatory: BOI promotion and licences"),
H2("7.1 BOI promotion"),
P("The project will apply for promotion by the Thailand Board of Investment. In BOI terms vinyl "
"pressing is basic plastic consumer-goods manufacturing (incentive Group B): no corporate income "
"tax holiday on the core activity, but the full non-tax package and machinery duty exemption. "
"The tax value is engineered on top through measures where this project happens to be strong, so "
"the application is pitched on " + pick("automation, technology content and energy efficiency",
"automation, full metrology and energy efficiency") +
", not on pressing plastic "
"discs. The research behind this dates from July 2026 (the solar rules rechecked in October "
"2026); BOI revises its measures roughly every "
"year, and the exact activity sub-code needs confirmation by a BOI-registered consultant before "
"filing."),
T(["What BOI gives", "Why it matters here"], [
["Machinery import duty exemption", "Almost the entire launch equipment list is imported "
"(Germany, Sweden, the UK, Australia, Japan, China). Machinery imported duty-free is also "
"exempt from VAT at import (Revenue Department answer on BOI's FAQ, checked October 2026). The "
"investment blocks assume promotion: without it, ~5% duty on ~2.3M USD of imported machinery "
"(~0.11M USD) plus ~0.17M USD of import VAT, reclaimed only later (estimates for the " +
pick("full equipment list; this plan imports less at first", "full equipment list") +
")."],
["100% foreign ownership and land privileges", "Overrides Foreign Business Act restrictions "
"for the promoted activity. The land-ownership privilege is unused under the lease strategy."],
["Visas and work permits via the One Stop Service", "Foreign commissioning engineers and the "
"technical consultant, without the four-Thai-employees-per-permit rule."],
["Raw material duty relief", "Exemption for export production; up to 90% reduction for "
"domestic sales. Relevant for imported PVC compound until a Thai source is qualified."],
["Battery storage, alternative-energy measure (Announcement 3/2568, in force 1 July 2025)",
"BOI no longer promotes solar installations, rooftop or farm, for applications from 1 July "
"2025: Announcement 3/2568 took them out of the measure and ended the per-MW solar caps set in "
"April 2025, so the array earns no CIT exemption whoever owns it. What remains is battery "
"energy storage and its inverters, with the investment eligible for the CIT exemption capped "
"at THB 12M per MW (B Global Law, January 2026; to confirm with the BOI consultant). " + pick(
"In this plan the battery comes through the solar PPA if the offer includes it, and then "
"the plant owns nothing that qualifies; bought by the plant, the 271 kWh battery (2.0M to "
"3.5M THB installed, estimate) may qualify (section 5.4).",
"This plan owns the 271 kWh battery (2.0M to 3.5M THB installed, estimate), which may "
"qualify; its eligible value under the cap is for the BOI consultant (section 5.4).")],
["Smart and Sustainable Industry measure (Announcement 15/2565, refreshed July 2025)",
"Rewards automation, smart machinery and energy efficiency, typically 3 years of CIT exemption "
"capped around 50% of the qualifying upgrade spend. The automatic Classic, inline inspection, "
"metrology and heat recovery are the natural fit."],
["R&D merit", "At least 1% of revenue in Thai R&D adds 1 to 3 exemption years and can lift the "
"cap. Galvanics process development, recycled-PVC work and the audio-QC system could qualify; "
"whether R&D with Payap University and the joint student programmes count is to be checked."],
], widths_mm=[58, 112]),
P("**Requirements:** minimum THB 1M investment excluding land and working capital (cleared many "
"times over); debt-to-equity no higher than 3:1 for the life of the privileges, which shapes "
"the financing mix; modern machinery and process; progress reports, annual reports and machinery "
"lists. The plant's asset register and stock ledger in ERPNext are where the record of promoted "
"machinery and raw materials lives, from the first capex invoice."),
P("**Process:** file via the e-Investment system and present at an analyst meeting. BOI quotes "
"about 40 working days to a decision for projects under THB 200M and 60 to 90 working days for "
"larger tiers; at " + pick("~132M to 233M THB with the ramp-up reserve (~182M at the midpoint)",
"~156M to 277M THB with the ramp-up reserve (~217M at the midpoint)") +
" the plan sits around that line, so the consultant "
"confirms which applies. In practice it is roughly 4 to 6 months end to end to the certificate; "
"the company is incorporated under it; machinery is imported within a window commonly 30 months "
"from issuance; full operation is due by about 36 months. The Northern Economic Corridor "
"(Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang) is promoted as a creative-economy base, which a music "
"manufacturing story fits; the current area add-ons for Lamphun must be confirmed with BOI "
"directly."),
H2("7.2 Factory licence, galvanics and boilers"),
P("BOI promotion does not replace the factory licence (Ror.Ngor. 4), hazardous-substance "
"registration for the plating chemistry, wastewater permitting, the boiler rules or the air-emission "
"limits for the biomass boiler's stack. **Galvanics "
"is in the plant from launch, so the electroplating line, its chemistry and its zero-discharge "
"effluent system are in the first factory licence application**, not a later amendment. The "
"earlier plan to keep galvanics out of the first licence to protect the schedule no longer "
"applies. Effluent is the most likely regulatory friction point regardless of BOI, and it now "
"sits on the path to the first paying release:"),
B([
"**The site must permit plating from day one** (section 6.1): zoning has to allow a "
"record-pressing factory with a biomass-fired steam boiler and an electroplating line. The industrial "
"estate's licensing and shared effluent treatment are the easiest path; on Mueang Chi the "
"permit is ours; on Payap land the lessor's written consent comes on top.",
"**Zero discharge is the design, and the application says so:** rinse water through the ZLD "
"evaporator with metal recovery, the back-finisher's spent water and filters by the same route, "
"solvents as controlled waste, no process water to the environment. It is the strongest answer "
"the plant can give to the effluent question.",
"**Permit drawings** for the building permit and the factory licence come from a licensed "
"engineer; the construction RFQ asks whether contractors include them (shell prices usually do "
"not), and stormwater attenuation may be a permit condition.",
]),
P("**Boilers (DIW rules).** The Ministerial Regulation on boilers B.E. 2549 and the Ministry of "
"Industry notification on boiler safety of the same year apply to every module, Thai or "
"imported: a design "
"to TIS or an international standard (ASME, JIS, EN or equivalent) checked and certified by a "
"DIW-registered certification body or licensed engineer; for an imported boiler, verification by "
"a registered certification body and the manufacturer's data report, design and inspection "
"reports filed with DIW; installation drawings checked and an inspection before first use "
"reported to DIW within 30 days; **a licensed boiler controller on site**; and **inspection at "
"least once a year**. The relief for small once-through units does not apply at ~10.5 bar (our "
"reading), and the labour-side regulation of 2021 adds licensed-engineer installation and "
"testing and a feedwater standard. Both plans price the biomass modules from a Thai maker to the "
"ASME specification of section 5.4. A Chinese biomass boiler" + pick(
" (the open decision point of section 5.4)", "") + " would take the imported-boiler route of "
"the notification: verification by a registered certification body with the full dossier, and an "
"ASME Section I design at 1.25 MPa with the S stamp, because a boiler built to the Chinese GB code "
"would rest on 'or equivalent' with no precedent found. **Biomass adds to the permit work** (to "
"confirm with the permit engineer before the RFQ): the boiler registered with DIW; the air-emission "
"limits for a solid-fuel boiler met at the 14 m stack, with the dust collector in the boiler "
"package; the fuel store and ash handling in the factory licence drawings; and the licensed "
"boiler controller, a certified attendant from the maintenance team. " +
"DIW has announced a "
"revision of the boiler, pressure-vessel and refrigeration rules, so they are rechecked before "
"the RFQ, and a certification body is engaged before any boiler order."),
P("**Other permits and duties:** the same 2021 labour regulation covers the overhead crane" +
pick(" once one is bought", "") + " (a "
"crane-industry summary puts cranes above 3 t on an engineer inspection every three months; to "
"confirm against the text before the capacity is chosen); hazardous-substance registration and "
"locked, inventoried storage for silver nitrate and nickel salts; the occupational health "
"check-ups (section 6.3); PDPA for CCTV, personnel and operator-linked production data; local "
"fire codes and the building permit during construction; the solar papers (no factory licence "
"for rooftop PV since 28 December 2024, an ERC exemption notification under 1,000 kVA, and PEA "
"interconnection approval with zero-export control in 3 to 6 months; section 5.4); and DIW "
"manifests for used oil and other controlled waste."),
CALL("Three things to settle before filing", [
"**Zoning before filing.** The BOI clocks (the import window and the deadline for full "
"operation) start at the certificate, and the margin on them is consumed by one scenario: "
"filing early and then finding the site does not work. Verify the chosen plot's zoning, "
"including plating, first.",
"**Scope.** " + pick(
"Cassette and CD-R duplication come later in this plan; whether they still go into the "
"first application (their machines then due inside its import window) or into a later "
"amendment is a question for the consultant. ",
"Cassette and CD-R duplication go into the application from the start. ") +
"CD replication would need new activity codes, which cannot be added casually afterwards, so the "
"investor's decision on CD (section 4.10) is needed before the filing date.",
"**Sequencing.** The plan's rule is that no machinery purchase order precedes the certificate, "
"because duty exemption is not retroactive. But the exemption attaches at importation, not at "
"contract signature. If equipment can be ordered with a deposit while the application is in "
"review, provided it clears customs after issuance and is on the approved machinery list, the "
"launch pulls forward by six to nine months. With the lathe, galvanics and Sibert line now on "
"the critical path alongside the presses, this is the first question for the BOI consultant and "
"the only item in the plan worth half a year.",
]),
P("Keep any future label, content or retail arm in a separate entity: media and service activities "
"carry different, sometimes Thai-ownership, conditions and would muddy a clean manufacturing "
"application. Poy Records as a label brand is therefore a separate question from the plant."),
]
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