Specials share 60 %+: revenue model, calculator and business plan re-based
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User (October 2026): "lets say 60+% special prints" (the plant focuses on
special prints, not mono colours).

- Specials (splatter, marble, colour effects) run only on the Duplex
  systems, so at 60 % the Duplex sets the launch plant's output: ~0.58 /
  0.74 / 0.90M records a year (was 0.71 / 0.84 / 0.97 at ~20 %), the
  Classic at about two thirds load. Full 60/40 hall: ~2.3 to 3.6M (Duplex
  -limited, Classics about half loaded); five-press fleet unchanged. A
  hall balanced by output at 60 % would give Duplex ~70 to 75 % of the
  floor (estimate; noted, not applied).
- Blended price 3.76 / 4.49 / 5.27 USD (standard 3.40 / 3.80 / 4.25 plus
  the 0.60 / 1.15 / 1.70 specials premium on 60 %). Launch operating
  picture: revenue 2.28 / 3.65 / 5.41M USD, EBITDA 0.23 / 1.73 / 3.79M,
  operating profit -0.66 / 1.21 / 3.46M, payback ~3.8 yr central,
  break-even ~0.25M records; adverse needs ~1.1M records to cover
  depreciation. Specials' extra direct cost (coloured compound, purge,
  trim only into black) is not in the cost table yet: flagged as an
  upper bound until compound quotes.
- Calculator default specials share 20 -> 60 % (planning rates keep the
  launch plant balanced at 850k: revenue 4.14M, EBITDA 2.07M, payback
  3.3 yr, cash payback year ~4.8, IRR ~18 %).
- revenue-model.md, scale.md, pressing-line.md, README; business plan
  draft 0.2 rebuilt (sections 1, 4, 9, risks).

Checks: calculator regression 0 fails, no page errors, node --check on
all scripts; PDF 47 pages, table of contents filled; no em dashes added.
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grabowski committed 2026-10-16 20:45:39 +07:00
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@@ -451,7 +451,18 @@ standard/color mix:
- **Blended pressing price: ~3.50 to 4.60 USD per record**
(~115 to 150 THB) — pressing, labels, inner sleeve, assembly into
customer-supplied or locally-made jacket; deluxe packaging passed
through at cost plus margin
through at cost plus margin. That blend holds at ~20 % specials
(standard 3.40 / 3.80 / 4.25 USD plus the 0.60 / 1.15 / 1.70 colour and
splatter premium on a fifth of the records).
- **Specials share: 60 % and more (decided October 2026).** The plant
focuses on special prints (splatter, marble, colour effects), not mono
colours, so the plan takes 60 % specials: the blend rises to **~3.76 /
4.49 / 5.27 USD** (adverse / central / favourable). Specials run only
on the Duplex systems (the Classic has one built-in extruder), which
makes the Duplex the launch plant's bottleneck (below). The direct cost
table does not yet carry what specials cost extra (coloured compound,
colour-change purge, trim that only goes back into black), so the gain
is an upper bound until the compound quotes arrive
- **Per-title services: ~580 to 1,730 USD per title** (~19,000 to 57,000
THB) for mastering, cutting, stampers, test pressings, at roughly 300
to 600 titles/yr at full capacity
@@ -580,16 +591,26 @@ base salaries in that way.
The plant now launches with one Newbilt Duplex system and one Classic,
with cutting and galvanics in-house from the start
([total investment](total-investment.md#launch-plant-october-2026)). Three
presses make ~0.71 to 0.97 million records a year on two shifts
([scale](../scale.md#production-capacity)), against 1.0 to 1.5 million for
the five-press fleet the full-capacity table below was built for. Same
method and the same three cases, with these changes (all estimates):
presses make ~0.71 to 0.97 million records a year on two shifts at the
earlier ~20 % specials share ([scale](../scale.md#production-capacity)),
against 1.0 to 1.5 million for the five-press fleet the full-capacity
table below was built for. Re-based on **60 % specials** (October 2026),
same method and the same three cases, with these changes (all estimates):
- **Volume** 0.71M / 0.84M / 0.97M records a year.
- **Volume 0.58M / 0.74M / 0.90M records a year.** Specials run only on
the Duplex system, so at 60 % its two presses (60 to 80 records an hour
each, estimate) set the output: 120 to 160 specials an hour carry 80 to
107 standard records on the Classic, which then runs at about two
thirds of its ~128 an hour. At the team's planning rate (3 a minute per
Duplex system) the launch plant stays balanced at ~0.94 million, which
is what the [calculator](../fleet-calculator.html) shows.
- **Blended price** 3.76 / 4.49 / 5.27 USD: standard 3.40 / 3.80 / 4.25
plus the specials premium 0.60 / 1.15 / 1.70 on 60 % of the records.
- **Direct payroll** stays at 3.7M to 5.4M THB a year (two shifts still
need the press, finishing, galvanics, QC and maintenance crews), so
labour per record rises to 0.12 / 0.16 / 0.23 USD and the direct cost to
1.34 / 1.98 / 2.65 USD.
labour per record rises to 0.13 / 0.19 / 0.28 USD and the direct cost to
1.35 / 2.00 / 2.70 USD, with no extra cost for specials yet (see the
pricing assumptions).
- **Title services**: 200 / 300 / 400 titles at 580 / 1,155 / 1,730 USD,
60 to 70 % contribution after lacquers, styli and nickel. The middle
price is the per-title fee of the artist demos (37,836 THB).
@@ -601,34 +622,41 @@ method and the same three cases, with these changes (all estimates):
| USD/yr | Adverse | Central | Favourable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Records | 0.71M | 0.84M | 0.97M |
| Blended price | 3.50 | 4.05 | 4.60 |
| Direct cost | 2.65 | 1.98 | 1.34 |
| Contribution per record | 0.85 | 2.07 | 3.26 |
| Pressing contribution | 0.60M | 1.74M | 3.17M |
| Records | 0.58M | 0.74M | 0.90M |
| Blended price (60 % specials) | 3.76 | 4.49 | 5.27 |
| Direct cost | 2.70 | 2.00 | 1.35 |
| Contribution per record | 1.06 | 2.49 | 3.92 |
| Pressing contribution | 0.61M | 1.83M | 3.51M |
| Title-services contribution | 0.07M | 0.23M | 0.48M |
| **Total contribution** | **0.67M** | **1.96M** | **3.65M** |
| **Total contribution** | **0.68M** | **2.06M** | **3.99M** |
| Cash overheads | 0.45M | 0.33M | 0.20M |
| **EBITDA** | **0.22M** | **1.63M** | **3.45M** |
| **EBITDA** | **0.23M** | **1.73M** | **3.79M** |
| Depreciation | 0.89M | 0.52M | 0.33M |
| **Operating profit** | **-0.67M** | **1.11M** | **3.12M** |
| Revenue | 2.60M (~86M THB) | 3.75M (~124M THB) | 5.15M (~170M THB) |
| Payback on the launch capital (EBITDA, mature year) | never | ~4 yr (3.0 to 5.5 on 4.9M to 8.9M) | ~1.4 yr |
| **Operating profit** | **-0.66M** | **1.21M** | **3.46M** |
| Revenue | 2.28M (~75M THB) | 3.65M (~120M THB) | 5.41M (~179M THB) |
| Payback on the launch capital (EBITDA, mature year) | never | ~3.8 yr (2.8 to 5.1 on 4.9M to 8.9M) | ~1.3 yr |
At the earlier ~20 % specials share the same table read 0.71 / 0.84 /
0.97M records, revenue 2.60 / 3.75 / 5.15M and EBITDA 0.22 / 1.63 /
3.45M: more specials earn a higher price on fewer records, and the
central EBITDA gains ~0.1M USD a year (more if the Duplex presses run
faster than 60 to 80 an hour, less once specials carry their extra
cost).
What it says:
- **The central case works on 216M THB**: EBITDA ~1.6M USD (~54M THB) a
year and operating profit ~1.1M USD (~37M THB) once the plant runs at
volume, and it breaks even on operating profit at about **0.3 million
records a year, a little over a third of capacity**.
- **The central case works on 216M THB**: EBITDA ~1.7M USD (~57M THB) a
year and operating profit ~1.2M USD (~40M THB) once the plant runs at
volume, and it breaks even on operating profit at about **0.25 million
records a year, about a third of its output**.
- **The adverse corner cannot pay for itself at any volume the three
presses make**: it would need ~1.5 million records to cover
presses make**: it would need ~1.1 million records to cover
depreciation. It stacks the low price, the high cost, the high capital
and the high overheads at once; at the central cost and volume the
price that covers depreciation is only ~2.7 to 3.0 USD (~90 to 98 THB)
a record, below the low price assumed.
- **The caveats of the full-capacity table hold here too**: the central
EBITDA margin (~43 %) is far above the 15 to 25 % pressing plants earn,
EBITDA margin (~47 %) is far above the 15 to 25 % pressing plants earn,
because the direct cost table leaves out indirect labour, freight,
scrap above the allowance and commissions. Price realisation and
utilisation decide the result, and the ramp year is not in this table
@@ -641,7 +669,10 @@ What it says:
## Operating picture at full capacity (five-press fleet)
The fleet this table describes (two Duplex systems and a Classic) is now
a growth option; the launch plant is in the section above.
a growth option; the launch plant is in the section above. This table
keeps the earlier ~20 % specials share and the earlier capex; it is not
re-based (at 60 % specials the five presses are not Duplex-limited, so
the volume holds and the blend rises as in the launch table).
Built from the components above rather than asserted. The
@@ -704,7 +735,10 @@ profits where there are any; see [boi.md](../boi.md).
loss-making at full volume
- **Mix**: color/splatter and boutique runs carry 20 to 50% price premiums
and suit the semi-automatic line; the title-services line (mastering,
cutting, stampers) has software-like margins once the rooms exist
cutting, stampers) has software-like margins once the rooms exist. At
the planned 60 %+ specials the Duplex presses' real rate decides the
volume: each extra record an hour on the Duplex adds about 1.7 to the
plant's hourly output at that share
- **Regional position**: an Asia-Pacific full-service plant competes on
turnaround and freight against EU/US plants for regional labels; pricing
power there is unproven and is the single biggest assumption in this