Steam and cooling plant for the five-press fleet; utilities re-based
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New page docs/steam-cooling.html (site /demos/steam-cooling/): the utility plant as a clickable process diagram. Steam side: raw water, softener and dosing, feed tank with heat-pump feedwater recovery, feed pumps, a bank of two 500 kg/h boilers (third for N+1 as an option), separator and metering, optional accumulator, blowdown, the 10 bar header with a valved, metered branch and trap per press, drip legs and condensate return. Cooling side: Newbilt's press outlets are open (max. 2 bar), so returns drain to a warm tank, pass the heat pump, an optional dry cooler and a plate heat exchanger to a cold buffer tank, and VFD pumps feed the 20 to 25 C header at ~10 bar to every press, the extruders and the central hydraulic oil cooler; the chiller loop (three 250 kW air-cooled modules at 40 C ambient, fourth as option) stays closed and clean. Galvanics cooling (12 to 20 C) is a separate circuit. Operating cases (launch, Duplex system 1, five presses, one module down) show demand against installed capacity; design basis with sources, equipment schedule, RFQ questions. Static SVG, no per-frame work. Design basis at Newbilt's per-machine figures: steam 750 to 900 kg/h, cooling 652.5 kW (625 presses, 15 extruders, 12.5 hydraulics), 305 to 540 l/min circulating. Also found: Newbilt's 53 l/min at ~60 C out is ~140 kW, above its 125 kW peak; listed as a re-quote question. Re-based in the same commit: - scale.md: electrical table (chiller bank ~210 to 325 kW electrical, plant peak ~430 to 700 kW, ~950 to 1,330 kW with electric steam), grid 800 to 1,000 kVA (1,250 to 1,600 with electric steam, Schedule 4 past 1,000 kW), tariff 4.5M to 6.8M THB/yr, battery ~1 h of chiller peak, boiler and chiller banks, biomass up to ~550 t/yr at 1.5 M records, utilities money line. - sustainability.md, biomass.md: same figures; electric steam 5.2M to 6.0M THB/yr mature, 1.6M to 1.8M early; fuel saving 4.0M to 5.4M. - utilities CSV: boiler bank, chiller bank with HX and tanks, softener and loop treatment re-sized; baseline 23.98M-41.63M -> 30.07M-51.33M. - total-investment.md: re-size as an added-scope row (+185k / +294k USD); headline 4.7M to 8.9M unchanged until the investment re-base. - pressing-line, equipment-suppliers, facility-security, fleet calculator (boiler 1000 kg/h, chiller 750 kW), plant page detail texts; README, landing page, build.sh.
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@@ -174,34 +174,36 @@ conversion, which forestry land generally does not.
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| Load | Rough figure |
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| Pressing machinery (two Duplex systems + the Classic) | ~90 to 120 kW installed (estimate: 32 kVA per Duplex system by Newbilt's requirements; the second extruders and the Classic not yet published) |
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| Process chiller (250 kW cooling) | ~80 to 125 kW electrical |
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| Pressing machinery (two Duplex systems + the Classic, central hydraulics) | ~118 kVA connected, ~73 kW average while running (Newbilt per-machine figures; the EX 35 and the Classic counted like the EX 50 and an HRP 12 until published) |
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| Chiller bank (up to ~650 kW cooling) | ~210 to 325 kW electrical at the peak (~80 to 125 kW per 250 kW of cooling, air-cooled, hot season; estimate) |
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| Whole-factory HVAC | ~100 to 200 kW peak (estimate) |
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| Electric steam boiler (if chosen over biomass/LPG) | ~300 kW |
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| Electric steam boiler bank (if chosen over biomass/LPG) | ~520 to 625 kW for 750 to 900 kg/h |
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| Compressed air, lighting, IT, misc | ~30 to 50 kW |
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| **Plant peak demand** | **~300 to 450 kW without electric boiler; ~600 to 750 kW with it** |
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| **Plant peak demand** | **~430 to 700 kW without electric boiler; ~950 to 1,330 kW with it** |
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Grid connection: a medium-voltage connection with a transformer in the
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**500 to 1,000 kVA** class from PEA, sized by the boiler decision.
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Grid connection: a medium-voltage connection from PEA with a transformer in
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the **800 to 1,000 kVA** class without electric steam, **1,250 to 1,600 kVA**
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with it; past 1,000 kW of demand the plant moves to PEA Schedule 4, whose
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time-of-use rates are the same.
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**Not yet re-based for the five-press fleet** (October 2026). The chiller
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and peak rows above are sized for one Duplex's ~250 kW of cooling; at
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Newbilt's up to 125 kW of cooling per press, five presses need up to ~625
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kW, so the chiller's electrical draw and the plant peak rise accordingly.
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Re-size with the Newbilt re-quote figures, together with the steam below
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([pressing line](equipment/pressing-line.md)). The presses share one
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central hydraulic plant and one compressed-air plant; their draw replaces
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the per-system hydraulic units in the pressing row above. The optional
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ten more Classics would need up to ~1.9 MW of cooling and ~2.3 to 2.7 t/h
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of steam: a utility phase of its own.
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**Re-based for the five-press fleet** (October 2026; the concept is drawn
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in [steam and cooling](steam-cooling.html)). At Newbilt's per-machine
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figures the two Duplex systems and the Classic need 750 to 900 kg/h of
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steam and up to ~650 kW of cooling (625 kW presses, 15 kW extruders, 12.5
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kW hydraulic oil cooler) at 305 to 540 l/min of circulating water. The
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peak rows assume all five presses cooling hard on a hot afternoon; the
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Classic counts as one HRP 12 press plus one extruder until Newbilt states
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its figures. The presses share one central hydraulic plant and one
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compressed-air plant. The optional ten more Classics would need up to ~1.9
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MW of cooling and ~2.3 to 2.7 t/h of steam: a utility phase of its own.
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Tariff: PEA Schedule 3.2.2, Medium General Service on time of use at
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22 kV (the flat rate is closed to new customers): 132.93 THB/kW demand
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charge on the peak-hour maximum, 4.1839 THB/kWh peak (09:00 to 22:00 on
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weekdays) and 2.6037 THB/kWh off-peak, plus Ft (0.1623 THB/kWh for
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September to December 2026) and VAT. Two-shift production lands at a
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blended ~3.81 THB/kWh before the demand charge, roughly 4.3M to 6.4M THB a
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year without electric steam (estimate); the deposit for the connection is
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blended ~3.81 THB/kWh before the demand charge, roughly 4.5M to 6.8M THB a
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year without electric steam, 0.7M to 1.1M of it demand charge (estimate); the deposit for the connection is
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400 THB per kVA. Detail and what it decides for steam, PV and the battery
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in [sustainability](sustainability.md#grid-tariff-pea-and-what-it-decides).
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@@ -225,19 +227,28 @@ small against the connection, but its own feeder and meter.
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without electric steam, falling to **~17%** with it; a bigger array
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shifts that up
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- Battery: **271 kWh** Gobel stack (ride-through, roughly
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two to three hours of the chiller's electrical draw; peak shaving earns
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an hour of the chiller bank's peak electrical draw; peak shaving earns
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little under PEA's time-of-use tariff, see
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[sustainability](sustainability.md#grid-tariff-pea-and-what-it-decides))
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## Steam and fuel
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- Boiler: **400 kg/h at 10 bar / 180 °C** (~300 kW thermal), sized for
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one Duplex. The current five-press fleet draws **~750 to 900 kg/h** at
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Newbilt's 150 to 180 kg/h per press: not yet re-based, and the fuel
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figures below scale with it
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- If biomass: **~350 to 400 t/yr** air-dry wood at mature operation, of
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which the 60 rai coppice could supply **~80 to 135 t/yr**
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- If LPG: **~2.5 to 5 t** bulk tank on site (no gas pipeline in the North)
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- Boiler bank: the five-press fleet draws **~750 to 900 kg/h at 10 bar /
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180 °C** (~510 to 610 kW thermal) at Newbilt's 150 to 180 kg/h per press.
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Proposed: **two 500 kg/h modules** (B-1 with the launch press and Duplex
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system 1, B-2 with system 2 and the Classic), 1,000 kg/h installed; a
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third module for N+1 is an RFQ option
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([steam and cooling](steam-cooling.html)). The 2024 Newbilt quote's
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~400 kg/h covers one Duplex system
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- Chiller bank: up to **~650 kW** of cooling; proposed **three 250 kW
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air-cooled modules** rated at 40 °C ambient, one per press stage, behind a
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plate heat exchanger with warm and cold tanks (estimate)
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- If biomass: **~350 to 400 t/yr** air-dry wood at ~1.0 to 1.1 million
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records a year, up to **~550 t/yr** at the start fleet's full ~1.5
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million (fuel follows records pressed, not presses installed); the 60 rai
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coppice could supply **~80 to 135 t/yr**
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- If LPG: a bulk tank on site sized with the boiler bank (the ~2.5 to 5 t
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first estimated was for one Duplex; no gas pipeline in the North)
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## People
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@@ -258,8 +269,8 @@ keep their original currency alongside.
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- Newbilt semi-auto line: **~USD 232k (~7.7M THB)**, from the June 2024
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quote of EUR 200,500 — expired, in
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[pressing-line](equipment/pressing-line.md)
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- Thai-sourced utilities, HVAC, racking, solar, BESS baseline: **~24M to
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42M THB (~USD 730k to 1.27M)**, detail in the
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- Thai-sourced utilities, HVAC, racking, solar, BESS baseline: **~30M to
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51M THB (~USD 910k to 1.56M)** for the five-press fleet, detail in the
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[utilities CSV](finance/utilities-investment.csv)
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- Not yet priced: the second Duplex system and the Newbilt Classic
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(estimates in [total investment](finance/total-investment.md)),
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