Remove em dashes where the replacement is unambiguous

The project has a standing style rule against em dashes that was missed when these docs were written. This removes the 42 occurrences where the substitution is mechanical and cannot change meaning: - table cells using an em dash as a placeholder, now a hyphen - em dashes immediately followed by a conjunction or subordinator (but, and, or, so, though, while, which, where, because, since), where a comma is simply correct 115 remain. Those join independent clauses, where a comma would create a splice and a colon often reads wrong, so each needs a judgement call rather than a pattern. A blanket regex over them was attempted and reverted: it produced double colons and broken sentences.
2026-08-06 15:31:09 +07:00
1 parent 8c8e1be451
commit 1bbef055c4
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class, not a premium — it is what the presses and pallet racking need, and
 stepping up from a light-duty slab adds only on the order of 100–200 THB/m².
 The real cost variable is the ground underneath (see soil, below). A later
 value-engineering option is to zone the slab — 30 kN/m² under press hall and
-warehouse only, lighter under offices — but for rough pricing the whole
+warehouse only, lighter under offices, but for rough pricing the whole
 floor is specified at 30 so the number is conservative.

 ### 1a. Panel core: where PIR is not enough
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Simple industrial enclosures beside the main building.
 | Boiler hall | 66 m² | 6.0 m |
 | Biomass fuel store | 42 m² | 5.0 m |
 | Chiller room | 60 m² | 5.0 m |
-| Cooling tower pad (concrete pad only) | 10 m² | — |
+| Cooling tower pad (concrete pad only) | 10 m² | - |

 The 14 m flue stack comes with the boiler — excluded here. The boiler hall
 envelope should be non-combustible (mineral-wool panels or masonry), not
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ transformer (PEA), and land works beyond normal grading.
  soft-to-medium Lamphun valley soil and to **state the foundation
  assumption they price** (footings vs driven piles; a piled slab can add
  several hundred to 1,000+ THB/m²). The soil, not the slab spec, is the
-  main price risk in the whole package — and it now applies to 4,387 m² of
+  main price risk in the whole package, and it now applies to 4,387 m² of
  pavement and a 1,711 m³ fill platform as well as the building.
 - **Tank proximity to the building**: the fire water tank sits about 4.5 m
  from the main building. Full, it is ~250 t on a 9 m ring foundation. On
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 A first-pass economic model at mature capacity. Most numbers here are
 estimates from industry pricing norms and this repo's own cost research.
-**One set of real market prices now exists** — see the next section — and
+**One set of real market prices now exists** (see the next section), and
 it does not agree with the model. The point is the shape of the economics
 and which levers matter, not precision.

@@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ as output.
 All rows are on the same 300-day basis so they can be compared. CNX does
 not overtake them on installed capability until the Duplex expansion, and
 does not clearly lead until the mature fleet. The fleet is real and
-should not be discounted — but nothing here is a measurement of what they
+should not be discounted, but nothing here is a measurement of what they
 actually ship, and an unconditioned floor may not hold top-end
 effectiveness through the wet season.

 What remains true is the **quality and capability gap**, and it is where
 the whole differentiation now sits: no plating, no climate control, no
 metrology, no traceability. There is still no *industrial* vinyl plant in
-Thailand — but the gap CNX is closing is capability, not capacity, and it
+Thailand, but the gap CNX is closing is capability, not capacity, and it
 will be outgunned on presses for its first two phases.

 ### The incumbent is press-rich and metal-poor
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ these would shape a price list the same way:

 - **Printed jackets.** Their price carries one, and a jacket print run
  takes 10–20 working days from approved artwork. A 3,000-unit jacket
-  order is a bigger, slower print job — and this constraint **CNX would
+  order is a bigger, slower print job, and this constraint **CNX would
  share**, which would remove the competitive read entirely.
 - **Floor space.** Storing, finishing and shipping 3,000 records is an
  area problem before it is a metal problem.
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ full capex, it addresses the market's actual bottleneck, it earns before
 the press hall exists, and it is the one capability no one in the country
 has. The counter-argument is real — galvanics still needs a building, a
 clean room and zero-discharge water treatment, and it is the hardest skill
-to hire — but the option deserves costing rather than assuming.
+to hire, but the option deserves costing rather than assuming.

 **The number that decides it is ResurRec's actual annual output and title
 count**, which is not known. At 300 titles the stamper opportunity is
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ talks.
 **No HVAC turns the biggest cost line into the product.**
 [facility-security.md](../facility-security.md) specifies whole-factory
 climate control — 20–26 °C, 35–60% RH, PM filtration sized for
-burning-season PM2.5 — and the utilities budget treats it as overhead.
+burning-season PM2.5, and the utilities budget treats it as overhead.
 Against a competitor pressing in uncontrolled Bangkok air it is a quality
 argument instead:

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ walk. Two things to ask on the back of it, both free: ask **Newbilt** for
 their Thai
 install base and a service-response precedent — the northern-dispatch SLA
 question in [equipment-suppliers.md](../suppliers/equipment-suppliers.md)
-is much easier to answer with an in-country reference — and, if the
+is much easier to answer with an in-country reference, and, if the
 collaboration talks progress, ask **ResurRec** directly what commissioning
 and support actually cost them.

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ would be 430–500 USD per title:

 Every cell above divides capex by the **top** of the saving range. At the
 bottom the same table gives 2.5 and 5.0 years at 300 titles, 1.2 and 2.5
-at 600 — so the honest span is **one to five years**, and the adverse
+at 600, so the honest span is **one to five years**, and the adverse
 corner stretches past six once the ±30–50% band that
 [total-investment.md](total-investment.md) puts on the galvanics capex is
 applied. It is nonetheless driven by **title count, not record volume**,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ needs the Stamper Discs quote behind it.
 evidence is internally inconsistent.** The model
 bundles mastering, cutting, stampers and test pressings into 19,000–57,000
 THB per title. At observed market rates a ten-track album masters at
-50,000–200,000 THB *before* the 22,000 THB stamper set — so the real
+50,000–200,000 THB *before* the 22,000 THB stamper set, so the real
 per-title value is more like **72,000–222,000 THB (2,180–6,730 USD)**.

 At 300–600 titles/yr that is **0.65M to 4.0M USD/yr of title services**,
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ for **300 units**. The published discounts:

 | Run | Discount | THB/unit | USD/unit |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| 150 (stated minimum) | — | rarely accepted, "cost is way too high" | |
-| **300 (reference)** | — | **650 – 950** | 19.70 – 28.80 |
+| 150 (stated minimum) | - | rarely accepted, "cost is way too high" | |
+| **300 (reference)** | - | **650 – 950** | 19.70 – 28.80 |
 | 500 | −5% | 618 – 903 | 18.70 – 27.35 |
 | 1,000 – 3,000 | −15% | 553 – 808 | 16.75 – 24.45 |
 | >3,000 | −30% | 455 – 665 | 13.80 – 20.15 |
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ for **300 units**. The published discounts:

 **The curve is remarkably flat.** A tenfold increase in run size buys only
 30% off. Whatever the exact split, that shape means a large per-title
-fixed cost that does not fall with volume — and it is the shape, not any
+fixed cost that does not fall with volume, and it is the shape, not any
 solved number, that is informative.

 Solving the first three tiers as a fixed-plus-variable structure gives
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ worth testing next, not the finding most worth relying on.

 **The fixed component looks small against the stated inputs.** At
 34,000–50,000 THB it barely covers a ≤22,000 THB stamper set plus one to
-three songs of mastering — though at the other end of the solve range
+three songs of mastering, though at the other end of the solve range
 (~41,800 THB low ladder) the tension eases, so this may be an artefact of
 the endpoint chosen rather than a real gap. Either the 650–950 THB does
 not fully carry album mastering, or albums are mastered far below the
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ problem.** At nameplate the two presses clear 3,000 units in about two
 days, so a two-to-four-week extension cannot be press time. The likely
 cause is in the numbers already in this repo: a stamper is good for
 **1,000–2,000 pressings**, so a 3,000-unit run needs **two to three
-stamper sets** — and with no plating in-house, every additional set is an
+stamper sets**, and with no plating in-house, every additional set is an
 overseas order. "Blocking out the entire factory" reads like scheduling
 around an imported-metalwork wait.

@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ security, overtime, bonus and PPE:

 That is 3.7M–5.4M THB/yr (113k–163k USD), or **0.08–0.16 USD per record**
 over 1.0–1.5M records. Mastering and cutting engineers are excluded —
-they are title-services labour, not per-record — and admin, sales and
+they are title-services labour, not per-record, and admin, sales and
 logistics sit in overheads below.

 ## Margin per record
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ profits where there are any; see [boi.md](../boi.md).
  data point above is buy-side, from one plant and one buyer, and it
  contradicts the model on per-title services and probably on run size.
  The Making Vinyl trip and early conversations should test the 3.50 to
-  4.60 USD blended assumption — and the run-size question — before either
+  4.60 USD blended assumption, and the run-size question — before either
  anchors a financing case
 - Demand risk is real: vinyl demand is cyclical and capacity has been
  added globally; the model assumes the plant can sell what it presses
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ flowchart LR

 Printed jackets from a local carton partner typically need **10 to 20
 working days** from approved artwork. That fits comfortably underneath
-the metal path — but only if artwork lands early. When a label delivers
+the metal path, but only if artwork lands early. When a label delivers
 artwork after approving the test pressing, the jackets become the
 critical path and every day of metalwork saved is wasted.

@@ -101,16 +101,16 @@ no mastering room of our own.
 | # | Stage | Launch | Mature | Notes |
 |---|---|---|---|---|
 | 1 | Audio intake and technical QA | 1–2 | 1–2 | Checksums, format, levels, side-length vs format. Rejects here are cheap; rejects later are not |
-| — | **Gate: master plan approved** | *customer* | *customer* | 2–10 days in practice |
+| - | **Gate: master plan approved** | *customer* | *customer* | 2–10 days in practice |
 | 2 | Vinyl mastering | 3–7 | 2–4 | Launch: external engineer or partner. Mature: in-house room, and queue depth becomes ours to manage |
-| — | **Gate: master approved** | *customer* | *customer* | 2–10 days; more if the artist wants revisions |
-| 3 | Lathe cutting to lacquer | — | 1–2 | Includes test cut, groove microscope, dead-wax scribe |
-| 4 | Silvering and electroforming | — | 2–4 | Three generations plus XRF, metrology, mother listening check |
-| 5 | Stamper prep | — | 1 | Punch, back-finish, coin, concentricity |
-| 3–5 | **Outsourced cut + metal** (launch only) | 10–20 | — | Stamper Discs, Sheffield; queue is theirs, not ours |
-| — | **Stamper freight UK → TH + customs** | 3–7 | — | Air freight; nickel travels well, unlike lacquer |
+| - | **Gate: master approved** | *customer* | *customer* | 2–10 days; more if the artist wants revisions |
+| 3 | Lathe cutting to lacquer | - | 1–2 | Includes test cut, groove microscope, dead-wax scribe |
+| 4 | Silvering and electroforming | - | 2–4 | Three generations plus XRF, metrology, mother listening check |
+| 5 | Stamper prep | - | 1 | Punch, back-finish, coin, concentricity |
+| 3–5 | **Outsourced cut + metal** (launch only) | 10–20 | - | Stamper Discs, Sheffield; queue is theirs, not ours |
+| - | **Stamper freight UK → TH + customs** | 3–7 | - | Air freight; nickel travels well, unlike lacquer |
 | 6 | Press setup and test pressing | 1 | 0.5–1 | Mold change, stamper mount, warm-up, 10–20 TPs |
-| — | **TP to artist + gate: TP approved** | *5–15* | *5–15* | Courier plus listening time. The single largest customer-side block |
+| - | **TP to artist + gate: TP approved** | *5–15* | *5–15* | Courier plus listening time. The single largest customer-side block |
 | 7 | Production run | 1–5 | 1–3 | Throughput table below |
 | 8 | Finishing, assembly, packaging | 2–4 | 2–3 | Trim is inline; shrink and jacket assembly are labour-bound |
 | 9 | Fulfilment and dispatch | 1–3 | 1–2 | Bulk pallet, or per-parcel dropship on an ongoing basis |
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Two things the table deliberately does not hide:
  The launch configuration is sound precisely because it never ships
  one: audio goes to Europe as a file, the lacquer is cut and plated in
  the same region, and only finished nickel stampers make the journey.
-  Any future arrangement that cuts in Thailand and plates abroad — or
+  Any future arrangement that cuts in Thailand and plates abroad, or
  the reverse — would be a quality risk, not just a slower schedule.

 ## Production run throughput
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ decision.** A plant running at 90% quotes 16 weeks with the same
 equipment that quotes 6 weeks at 50%. Any turnaround promise made to
 the market is implicitly a promise to hold spare capacity.

-Small runs invert the arithmetic — though not as sharply as it first
+Small runs invert the arithmetic, though not as sharply as it first
 looks. At 300 units on the semi-automatic line the run is **5 to 8
 hours**, most of a shift, once the 60–70% effectiveness above is
 applied; it is roughly an hour on the full mature fleet. What dominates
 a small order is not the pressing but the setup, the approvals and the
-assembly, all of which cost the same at 300 units as at 3,000 — which
+assembly, all of which cost the same at 300 units as at 3,000, which
 is exactly the boutique/color work the semi-automatic
 line exists to serve, per
 [pressing-line.md](equipment/pressing-line.md). Small runs are not
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 A calendar against the dependency-ordered phases in
 [roadmap.md](roadmap.md). That page deliberately carries no dates —
-"the clock starts when the first-phase items move" — and it is right to,
+"the clock starts when the first-phase items move", and it is right to,
 because nothing in Phase 0 has moved yet. This page is the other half of
 that: what the calendar looks like **if** Phase 0 starts now, so the
 consequences of delay are visible and the critical path is explicit.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ is:

 Everything else, including the entire building, has float against that
 chain. Which means the two things that actually move the date are the
-BOI filing date and the press vendor's build time — and **the second
+BOI filing date and the press vendor's build time, and **the second
 one is not documented anywhere in this repo.**

 ## Gantt
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ That serialises ~9 months of press build **behind** ~10 months of BOI
 process, and it is where most of the 27 months comes from.

 But the duty exemption attaches at **importation**, not at contract
-signature. If an order can be placed — even with a deposit — while the
+signature. If an order can be placed — even with a deposit, while the
 BOI application is in review, so long as the machinery *clears customs*
 after the certificate is issued and appears on the approved machinery
 list, then steps 2 and 4 overlap and **the launch pulls forward by six
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ Nothing else on this page is worth six months. This is.
 |---|---|---|---|
 | Land purchase | Design start, ~Q1 2027 | ~4 months | Zoning fails and a new site is needed (~6 months reset) |
 | Phase 1 construction | Machinery arrival, ~Q3 2028 | ~3–5 months | Soft-paddy soil forces piling, or permits stall |
-| Ror.Ngor.4 factory licence | First production, Q4 2028 | ~4 months | Galvanics effluent permitting is raised early — but galvanics is Phase 5, so keep it out of the Phase 1 licence scope |
+| Ror.Ngor.4 factory licence | First production, Q4 2028 | ~4 months | Galvanics effluent permitting is raised early, but galvanics is Phase 5, so keep it out of the Phase 1 licence scope |
 | Solar and BESS | Fit-out, ~Q2 2028 | large | Gobel lead time is documented at 50–60 days; not a risk |
-| Hiring and training | Commissioning, ~Q3 2028 | ~2 months | Galvanics process expertise — "the hardest skill to hire" per `equipment-suppliers.md` — but again, Phase 5 |
+| Hiring and training | Commissioning, ~Q3 2028 | ~2 months | Galvanics process expertise — "the hardest skill to hire" per `equipment-suppliers.md`, but again, Phase 5 |

 Construction has the thinnest float of anything with a real duration,
 and it is thin for a reason: it cannot start until the land is bought,
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ penalties:
 | Machinery import, 30 months from certificate | ~Q4 2029 | Machinery clears customs ~Q3 2028 | **~15 months** |
 | Full operation, ~36 months from certificate | ~Q2 2030 | First production ~Q4 2028 | **~18 months** |

-Comfortable — but only on the buy-and-build path as drawn. The margin is
+Comfortable, but only on the buy-and-build path as drawn. The margin is
 consumed by exactly one scenario: filing BOI early to start the clock,
 then discovering the site does not work. Which is another argument for
 verifying zoning **before** filing, not after.
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ fuel delivery both push toward:
 | Biomass fuel store | 42 m² | 5.0 m |
 | Chiller room | 60 m² | 5.0 m |
 | Cooling tower (outdoor pad) | 10 m² | 3.5 m |
-| Flue stack | — | 14 m |
+| Flue stack | - | 14 m |

 Boiler plus chiller at 126 m² lands inside the 100 to 150 m² the zone table
-allows — but moving them out of the main shed frees that floor for
+allows, but moving them out of the main shed frees that floor for
 production, so either the main building shrinks by ~126 m² or the program
 grows into it. Decide which before the building is priced.

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ production floor — not a gap in it.
  loading off the phase 1 circulation road.
 - **Roof form: two-bay sawtooth, shaded rows deliberately left empty.**
  A single 38 m monopitch would be the best solar answer — 28 panel rows,
-  none shaded, ~17% more yield than what is drawn — but it needs a **13.7 m**
+  none shaded, ~17% more yield than what is drawn, but it needs a **13.7 m**
  high wall. The sawtooth holds the high side to **10.35 m**, at a cost: each
  bay falls toward ESE onto the next bay's 3.35 m riser, so the bottom rows
  sit in shadow (the lowest is blocked below a 53° sun profile angle). Those
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Storage is **two tanks, not one**:

 A **combined ~250 m³ tank**, with the fire volume protected by taking the
 process suction from a higher level, is cheaper and has a real side benefit:
-process turnover stops the fire reserve going stagnant. Worth pricing — but
+process turnover stops the fire reserve going stagnant. Worth pricing, but
 only the fire design and the insurer can approve it, so the split above
 stands as the safe default until they do.