security: pip-audit + bandit gates that can fail; patch 29 known CVEs

security.yml previously ran safety/bandit/semgrep with `|| true` and could
not go red. Now: pip-audit on requirements.txt is a hard gate (dev deps
reported only), bandit HIGH fails (B104 bind-all skipped: intended behind
Cloudflare/Caddy), pip-licenses uploaded as a report. Weekly + on
dependency/source changes.

Running it locally found 29 advisories, all in pinned-and-forgotten
runtime deps: starlette 0.27 (7, incl. Host-header path confusion and
form DoS), fastapi 0.104, requests 2.31 (3), pymysql 1.1. Bumped to
current: fastapi 0.141.1 / starlette 1.6.0, pydantic 2.13.5, uvicorn
0.52.4, requests 2.34.2, pymysql 1.2.0; dev: pytest 9.1.1, black 26.5.1.
pip-audit is now clean. requires-python narrowed to 3.11 (the truth:
psycopg2-binary 2.9.9 fails on 3.13; pandas 2.0.3 has no 3.12 wheels).
Full suite passes; API smoke-tested (health, stations, forecast, history,
stats, docs, openapi) on the new stack. black 26 reformatted 8 files.

src/health_check.py

@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ class DatabaseHealthCheck(HealthCheck):
                 "message": "Database connection OK",
                 "details": {
                     "latest_data_count": len(latest_data),
-                    "latest_timestamp": str(latest_data[0].get("timestamp"))
-                    if latest_data
-                    else None,
+                    "latest_timestamp": (
+                        str(latest_data[0].get("timestamp")) if latest_data else None
+                    ),
                 },
             }