# Complete Grafana Matrix Alerting Setup Guide

## Overview
Configure Grafana to send water level alerts directly to Matrix channels when thresholds are exceeded.

## Prerequisites
- Grafana instance running (v8.0+)
- PostgreSQL data source configured in Grafana
- Matrix account
- Matrix room for alerts

## Step 1: Get Matrix Access Token

### Method 1: Using curl
```bash
curl -X POST https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/v3/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "type": "m.login.password",
    "user": "your_username",
    "password": "your_password"
  }'
```

### Method 2: Using Element Web Client
1. Open Element in browser: https://app.element.io
2. Login to your account
3. Go to Settings → Help & About → Advanced
4. Copy your Access Token

### Method 3: Using Matrix Admin Panel
- If you have admin access to your homeserver, generate token via admin API

## Step 2: Create Alert Room

```bash
curl -X POST "https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/v3/createRoom" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "name": "Water Level Alerts - Northern Thailand",
    "topic": "Automated alerts for Ping River water monitoring",
    "preset": "private_chat"
  }'
```

Save the `room_id` from the response (format: !roomid:homeserver.com)

## Step 3: Configure Grafana Contact Point

### Navigate to Alerting
1. In Grafana, go to **Alerting → Contact Points**
2. Click **Add contact point**

### Contact Point Settings
```
Name: matrix-water-alerts
Integration: Webhook
URL: https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/!YOUR_ROOM_ID:matrix.org/send/m.room.message/{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}_{{ .GroupLabels.severity }}_{{ now.Unix }}
HTTP Method: POST
```

### Headers
```
Authorization: Bearer YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN
Content-Type: application/json
```

### Message Template (JSON Body)
```json
{
  "msgtype": "m.text",
  "body": "🌊 **PING RIVER WATER ALERT**\n\n**Alert:** {{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}\n**Severity:** {{ .GroupLabels.severity | toUpper }}\n**Station:** {{ .GroupLabels.station_code }} ({{ .GroupLabels.station_name }})\n\n{{ range .Alerts }}**Status:** {{ .Status | toUpper }}\n**Water Level:** {{ .Annotations.water_level }}m\n**Threshold:** {{ .Annotations.threshold }}m\n**Time:** {{ .StartsAt.Format \"2006-01-02 15:04:05\" }}\n{{ if .Annotations.discharge }}**Discharge:** {{ .Annotations.discharge }} cms\n{{ end }}{{ if .Annotations.message }}**Details:** {{ .Annotations.message }}\n{{ end }}{{ end }}\n📈 **Dashboard:** {{ .ExternalURL }}\n📍 **Location:** Northern Thailand Ping River"
}
```

## Step 4: Create Alert Rules

### High Water Level Alert
```yaml
# Rule Configuration
Rule Name: high-water-level
Evaluation Group: water-level-alerts
Folder: Water Monitoring

# Query A
SELECT
  station_code,
  station_name_th as station_name,
  water_level,
  discharge,
  timestamp
FROM water_measurements
WHERE
  timestamp > now() - interval '5 minutes'
  AND water_level > 6.0

# Condition
IS ABOVE 6.0 FOR 5 minutes

# Labels
severity: critical
alertname: High Water Level
station_code: {{ $labels.station_code }}
station_name: {{ $labels.station_name }}

# Annotations
water_level: {{ $values.water_level }}
threshold: 6.0
discharge: {{ $values.discharge }}
summary: Critical water level detected at {{ $labels.station_code }}
```

### Emergency Water Level Alert
```yaml
Rule Name: emergency-water-level
Query: water_level > 8.0
Condition: IS ABOVE 8.0 FOR 2 minutes
Labels:
  severity: emergency
  alertname: Emergency Water Level
Annotations:
  threshold: 8.0
  message: IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED - Flood risk imminent
```

### Low Water Level Alert
```yaml
Rule Name: low-water-level
Query: water_level < 1.0
Condition: IS BELOW 1.0 FOR 15 minutes
Labels:
  severity: warning
  alertname: Low Water Level
Annotations:
  threshold: 1.0
  message: Drought conditions detected
```

### Data Gap Alert
```yaml
Rule Name: data-gap
Query:
  SELECT
    station_code,
    MAX(timestamp) as last_seen
  FROM water_measurements
  GROUP BY station_code
  HAVING MAX(timestamp) < now() - interval '2 hours'

Condition: HAS NO DATA FOR 30 minutes
Labels:
  severity: warning
  alertname: Data Gap
  issue: missing-data
```

### Rapid Level Change Alert
```yaml
Rule Name: rapid-level-change
Query:
  SELECT
    station_code,
    water_level,
    LAG(water_level, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY station_code ORDER BY timestamp) as prev_level
  FROM water_measurements
  WHERE timestamp > now() - interval '15 minutes'
  HAVING ABS(water_level - prev_level) > 0.5

Condition: CHANGE > 0.5m FOR 1 minute
Labels:
  severity: warning
  alertname: Rapid Water Level Change
```

## Step 5: Configure Notification Policy

### Create Notification Policy
```yaml
# Policy Tree
- receiver: matrix-water-alerts
  match:
    severity: emergency|critical
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 30m

- receiver: matrix-water-alerts
  match:
    severity: warning
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 10m
  repeat_interval: 2h
```

### Grouping Rules
```yaml
group_by: [alertname, station_code]
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 1h
```

## Step 6: Station-Specific Thresholds

Create separate rules for each station with appropriate thresholds:

```sql
-- P.1 (Chiang Mai) - Urban area, higher thresholds
SELECT * FROM water_measurements
WHERE station_code = 'P.1' AND water_level > 6.5

-- P.4A (Mae Ping) - Agricultural area
SELECT * FROM water_measurements
WHERE station_code = 'P.4A' AND water_level > 5.0

-- P.20 (Downstream) - Lower threshold
SELECT * FROM water_measurements
WHERE station_code = 'P.20' AND water_level > 4.0
```

## Step 7: Advanced Features

### Time-Based Routing
```yaml
# Different receivers for day/night
time_intervals:
  - name: working_hours
    time_intervals:
      - times:
        - start_time: '08:00'
          end_time: '20:00'
        weekdays: ['monday:friday']

routes:
  - receiver: matrix-alerts-day
    match:
      severity: warning
    active_time_intervals: [working_hours]

  - receiver: matrix-alerts-night
    match:
      severity: warning
    active_time_intervals: ['!working_hours']
```

### Multi-Channel Alerts
```yaml
# Send critical alerts to multiple rooms
- receiver: matrix-emergency
  webhook_configs:
    - url: https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/!emergency:matrix.org/send/m.room.message
      http_config:
        authorization:
          credentials: "Bearer EMERGENCY_TOKEN"
    - url: https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/!general:matrix.org/send/m.room.message
      http_config:
        authorization:
          credentials: "Bearer GENERAL_TOKEN"
```

## Step 8: Testing

### Test Contact Point
1. Go to Contact Points in Grafana
2. Select your Matrix contact point
3. Click "Test" button
4. Check Matrix room for test message

### Test Alert Rules
1. Temporarily lower thresholds
2. Wait for condition to trigger
3. Verify alert appears in Grafana
4. Verify Matrix message received
5. Reset thresholds

### Manual Alert Trigger
```bash
# Simulate high water level in database
INSERT INTO water_measurements (station_code, water_level, timestamp)
VALUES ('P.1', 7.5, NOW());
```

## Troubleshooting

### Common Issues

#### 403 Forbidden
- **Cause**: Invalid Matrix access token
- **Fix**: Regenerate token or check permissions

#### Room Not Found
- **Cause**: Incorrect room ID format
- **Fix**: Ensure room ID starts with ! and includes homeserver

#### No Alerts Firing
- **Cause**: Query returns no results
- **Fix**: Test queries in Grafana Explore, check data availability

#### Alert Spam
- **Cause**: No grouping configured
- **Fix**: Configure proper group_by and intervals

#### Messages Not Formatted
- **Cause**: Template syntax errors
- **Fix**: Validate JSON template, check Grafana template docs

### Debug Steps
1. Check Grafana alert rule status
2. Verify contact point test succeeds
3. Check Grafana logs: `/var/log/grafana/grafana.log`
4. Test Matrix API directly with curl
5. Verify database connectivity and query results

## Environment Variables

Add to your `.env`:
```bash
MATRIX_HOMESERVER=https://matrix.org
MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN=your_access_token_here
MATRIX_ROOM_ID=!your_room_id:matrix.org
GRAFANA_URL=http://your-grafana-host:3000
```

## Example Alert Message
Your Matrix messages will appear as:
```
🌊 **PING RIVER WATER ALERT**

**Alert:** High Water Level
**Severity:** CRITICAL
**Station:** P.1 (สถานีเชียงใหม่)

**Status:** FIRING
**Water Level:** 6.75m
**Threshold:** 6.0m
**Time:** 2025-09-26 14:30:00
**Discharge:** 450.2 cms

📈 **Dashboard:** http://grafana:3000
📍 **Location:** Northern Thailand Ping River
```

## Security Notes
- Store Matrix tokens securely (environment variables)
- Use room-specific tokens when possible
- Enable rate limiting to prevent spam
- Consider using dedicated alerting user account
- Regularly rotate access tokens

This setup provides comprehensive water level monitoring with immediate Matrix notifications when thresholds are exceeded.